atomic structure and periodic table

Question 1

what is the structure of an atom

Answer 1

a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells

Question 2

how many electrons can each shell contain

Answer 2

first- 2
second-8
third-8

Question 3

what are the charges and masses of a proton neutron and electron

Answer 3

proton- 1 mass unit, +1
neutron- 1 mass unit, 0
electron- negligible(1/1840), -1

Question 4

what is proton/atomic number

Answer 4

the smaller number represented in periodic table, and is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

what is mass/ nucleun numer

Answer 5

the larger number represented in periodic table, the total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of atom

Question 6

what is the nobel gas group and what is a caracterisitc of the group

Answer 6

group 8, they have full outer shell

Question 7

what are the 2 paterns between periodic number/ groups and electron configuration

Answer 7

1- the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the number of groups
2-the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number

Question 8

what are isotopes

Answer 8

different atoms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 9

isotopoes vs chemical properties

Answer 9

isotopes have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore same electronic configuration

Question 10

how do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element

Answer 10

sum of [(atomic mass × % abundance)] for each isotope/ 100

Question 11

how do you calculate total relative abundance

Answer 11

sum of [(atomic mass × % abundance)] for each isotope/ average mass

Question 12

describe group 1 in periodic table

Answer 12

they are alkali metals, lithium, sodium, potassium and are relativly soft metals
going down the group:
-decreasing melting point
-increasing density
-increasing reactivity

Question 13

what happens when you react a metal with water

Answer 13

produces the metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 14

what can be observed when a metal reacts with water

Answer 14

you would observe the metal disappearing, and some gas bubbling off surface and if alklai metals that react, would give off heat

Question 15

what is the name for the test fro hydrogenb

Answer 15

lit splint squeaky pop

Question 16

describe group 7 + trends

Answer 16

the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, they are diatomic non-metals (eg Cl2)
as you go down the group:
-increases density
-decreases reactivity
-meltingpoint increase

Question 17

what is the appearane of chlorine in room temp

Answer 17

a pale yellow-green gas

Question 18

what is appearance of bromine in room temp

Answer 18

red-brown liquid

Question 19

what is appearance of iodine in room temp

Answer 19

grey-black solid

Question 20

describe transition elements

Answer 20

metals that have, high densities, melting points and form coloured compounds, they also often act as catalysts as elements and in compounds
they also have elements which have ions with variable oxidation numbers eg. iron (2)-> 2+ and iron (3) -> 3+

Question 21

describe group 8

Answer 21

they are noble gases which are, unreactive (because of full outer shell), monoatomic gases (because they have full outer shells)

Question 22

what is a displacement reaction?

Answer 22

A reaction where a less reactive element is removed from a compound by a more reactive element. is a redox reaction.

Question 23

how do you tell a displacment reaction has occured?

Answer 23

temp change, colour change, a percipitate is formed

Question 24

what is the reactivity series less to more

Answer 24

gold, silver, copper, hydrogen, iron, zinc, carbon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium