Approaches to Health Promotion and Models of Health Behaviour

Question 1

What is the first main approach to health promotion

Answer 1

1. Medical
   - ‘Preventative approach’
   - Top-down, authoritative style
   - E.g. Screening, fluoridation

Question 2

What is the second main approach to health promotion

Answer 2

2. Behavioural
   - Individual behaviour believed to enable freedom from disease
   - Encourages adoption of healthier lifestyle
   - E.g. Oral hygiene instruction, smoking cessation

Question 3

What is the third main approach to health promotion

Answer 3

3. Educational
   - Provides individual with knowledge
   - Enables well-informed decisions to be made
   - Encourages exploration of an individual’s values and attitudes
   - E.g. school-based oral health educational programmes

Question 4

What is the fourth main approach to health promotion

Answer 4

4. Client-centred
   - Working with clients on their own terms
   - Patient identifies problems, sets the agenda + their priorities
   - E.g. Counselling, self-help groups

Question 5

What is the fifth main approach to health promotion

Answer 5

5. Societal change
   - Acknowledges physical, socio-economic and environmental factors
   - Enables a healthier lifestyle
   - E.g. Social movements, changing norms

Question 6

What is the sixth main approach to health promotion

Answer 6

6. Settings
   - Focuses on settings that are most influential for health
   - Based of Ottawa charter
   - Encourages training for staff

Question 7

What is the seventh main approach to health promotion

Answer 7

7. Common risk factor
   - Focuses on common risk factors of a number of diseases
   - More effective in the long-term
   - E.g. Smoking cessation, dieting

Question 8

Whats the use of models of health behaviours in health promotion and education

Answer 8

• Aim to analyse the desicion-making process behind individuals taking health action
• May explain and even predict health behaviours

Question 9

Describe the health belief model

Answer 9

• Perceived susceptibility - an individual believes they could possibly be at risk
• Serious consequences perceived - they think conditions are dangerous
• Benefit outweighs barriers - believe seeing a health professional is for the best

Question 10

Describe the health action model

Answer 10

• Encompasses elements from the health belief model
• Takes other factors into account e.g. normative pressure
• 3 major systems that influence the decisions:
  1. The belief system
  2. The motivation system
  3. The normative system

Question 11

How do the theories and approaches apply to oral health promotion

Answer 11

• Medical approach - fluoridation
• Behavioural approach - oral hygiene instruction
• Societal change approach - Sugar tax
• Settings approach - Training for school teachers