Consolidation - Bonding and Structure Failures

Question 1

Describe how ionic bonds form

Answer 1

When a metal and non metal come together,
the metal loses electrons to form a positive ion,
the non metal gets gifted these electrons to form a negative ion.
The oppositely charged ions attract each other
and are held together by electrostatic forces

Question 2

One sodium chloride Crystal is a….

Answer 2

Giant ionic lattice, because, they’re ionic

Question 3

Name the properties of Ionic Compounds in terms of melting point and conductivity

Answer 3

They all have high melting points due to strong bonds
They’re Solid, not conductive
Molten ionic compounds have free ions for conduction of electricity
Some dissolve in water which separates ions making them free to move and conduct electricity

Question 4

Covalent Bonds are between

Answer 4

NON METALS

Question 5

Covalent bonding diagrams show…

Answer 5

Dots and Crosses to show which element shares electrons

Question 6

How do we find molecular formula?

Answer 6

Counting up how many atoms of each element there are (A bit like we do with hydrocarbons)

Question 7

What does ≡ mean?

Answer 7

It means there is 3 electron pairs shared

eg. In N ≡ N

Question 8

Describe the bonds of atoms within molecular substances

Answer 8

Very strong Covalent Bonds

Question 9

True or False: Molecular compounds can conduct electricity

Answer 9

False, they aren’t charged and have no free electrons or ions

Question 10

What are polymers?

Answer 10

Polymers are long molecules that have repeating sections joined by string covalent bonds

Question 11

Describe the boiling point of polymers.

Answer 11

Lower boiling points than ionic compounds because they’re weaker

Question 12

What is an allotrope?

Answer 12

An allotrope is simply a posh way of talking about the different formations of the same element in the same state, For example, Diamond and Graphite

Question 13

Describe the electrical conductivity of Graphite.

Answer 13

Each carbon atom has a free electron for conducting electricity

Question 14

What are fullerenes?

Answer 14

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon in shapes of balls and tubes

Question 15

Fullerenes can be used for…

Answer 15

• Drug Delivery, as they can “Cage” other molecules in their structure
• Industrial Catalysts - Due to their large surface area

Question 16

What do metals consist of? (metallic bonding)

Answer 16

Metals consist of giant atomic structures

These contain atoms surrounded by electrons which give themselves up to make the atoms positive ions.

Positive ions and Negative electrons attract and hold the metal together

Tbe negative electrons are a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 17

At room temperature, what are the characteristics of Metals?

Answer 17

Electrostatic forces are very strong so lots of energy is required to break them, this means they are solid at room temp

Question 18

Why do we use alloys?

Answer 18

Normal metals are too soft.

Question 19

Why are alloys stronger?

Answer 19

In metals, the atoms are all lined up and can slide due to them being all the same size.
Alloys add elements with different atom sizes to distort the layers and have a sort of interlocking/Distortion effect

Question 20

Give an example of a giant covalent structure

Answer 20

Diamond
Graphite
Sulphur Dioxide

Question 21

We talk about ions when…

Answer 21

The substance is ionic, otherwise it electrons

Question 22

Why do rusted metals not conduct electricity?

Answer 22

When the oxygen and metal react, they form ionic bonds. These ionic bonds make up a bigger ionic compound which cannot conduct electricity when solid

Question 23

If Sodium sheds 2 electrons to make an ion, what charge does it have?

Answer 23

2+

Question 24

What is a flaw of dot and cross diagrams

Answer 24

They don’t show giant covalent states