digestive system

Question 1

alimentary tract (gi tract)

Answer 1

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small/large intestine
rectum
anus

Question 2

accessory structures

Answer 2

teeth
salivary glands
gall bladder
liver
pancreas

Question 3

digestive system function

Answer 3

ingest
secretion
mixing and propulsion
digest
absorb
defecation

Question 4

general plan of tissues of gi tract

Answer 4

mucosa-epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitita (above diaphragm)/ serosa (below diaphragm)

Question 5

oral cavity

Answer 5

food enters vestibule
- teeth cut/grind it
- saliva moistens and creates a bolus
- swallowed voluntarily

Question 6

classification of human teeth

Answer 6

incisors: shearing
canines: tearing
premolars and molar: grinding

Question 7

baby teeth and number

Answer 7

deciduous 20

Question 8

adult teeth and number

Answer 8

permanent and 32

Question 9

parts of the tooth

Answer 9

enamel
dentine
cementum

Question 10

salivary glands

Answer 10

parotid gland
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

Question 11

function of pharynx and parts

Answer 11

passageway for food and air

3 parts
nasopharynx- air only
oropharynx - food and air
laryngopharynx - food only

Question 12

function of esophagus

Answer 12

move food from mouth to stomach

Question 13

function of stomach

Answer 13

digestive process-mechanical and chemical digestion of food and temporary storage

Question 14

parietal cells

Answer 14

HCl-low ph of 2 and intrinsic factor (vit. b absorption)

Question 15

chief cells

Answer 15

pepsinogen-cleaves proteins into smaller units

Question 16

enteroendocrine cells

Answer 16

secrete gastrin (regulates muscular contractions and secretions)

Question 17

function of small intestine

Answer 17

digestion of fats, proteins and carbs into molecules
-absorption of nutrients
-movement of nondigested remains move to the large intestine…segmentation (mixes chyme with intestinal secretions), peristalsis (moves chyme through the alimentary canal)

Question 18

parts of small intestine

Answer 18

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 19

ways to increase the surface area of the small intestine

Answer 19

circular folds
villi
microvilli

Question 20

cells of the pancreas and what do they do

Answer 20

acinar cells-secrete pancreatic enzymes help with breakdown of carbs, lipids, proteins
duct cells: secrete sodium bicarbonate

Question 21

function of pancreas

Answer 21

endocrine(hormones) and exocrine (digestion and absorption)functions

Question 22

function, position and number of lobes of liver

Answer 22

4 lobes
-suspended from diaphragm
1. metabolism of carbs/proteins/fats
2. bile production to digest fats
3. storgae of glycogen, vitamins adek and minerals iron, copper
4. synthesis of blood clotting proteins

Question 23

functions of large intestine and components

Answer 23

1. absorbs water, salts and some vitamins
2. stores indigestible material until it is eliminated

contains: cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 24

anal canal

Answer 24

storage and controlled elimination of fecal material
-bacteria, fibre and other indigestible remains