aging, homeostasis, common disorders ch 16

Question 1

some general changes-in heart as you age

Answer 1

stiffness of the aorta, reduction in cardiac muscle fiber size, progressive loss of cardiac muscular strength, reduced cardiac output, decline in max hr, increased sysolic blood pressure

Question 2

major cause of heart disease and death

Answer 2

coronary artery disease

Question 3

impaired pumping of heart

Answer 3

congestive heart failure

Question 4

atherosclerosis

Answer 4

reduce nourishment to the brain and result in a malfunction or death of brain cells

Question 5

by age 80 whats the decrease in blood flow to brain and kidneys

Answer 5

20% less to brain
50% less to kidney

Question 6

focus on homeostasis integumentary system

Answer 6

-blood delivers clotting factors and white blood cells that aid in hemostasis
-repair of injured skin
- regulate body temp
- blood flowing in skin may give skin pinky hue

Question 7

focus on homeostasis skeletal system

Answer 7

-blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions taht are needed for building bone extracellular matrix
- blood transports hormones that govern building and breakdown of bone extracellular matrix and erythropoietin that stimulates production of red blood cels by red bone marrow

Question 8

focus on homeostasis muscular system

Answer 8

blood circulating through exercising muscle removes heat and lactic acid

Question 9

focus on homeostasis nervous system

Answer 9

endothelial cells lining choroid plexuses in brain ventricles help produce cerebrospinal fluid and contribute to blood-brain barrier

Question 10

focus on homeostasis endocrine system

Answer 10

-circulating blood delivers most hormones to their target muscles
- atrial cells secrete atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 11

focus on homeostasis lymphatic system and immunity

Answer 11

-circulating blood distributes lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages that carry out immune functions
- lymph forms from excess interstitial fluid, which filters from blood plasma due to blood pressure generated by the heart

Question 12

focus on homeostasis respiratory system

Answer 12

circulating blood transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation

Question 13

focus on homeostasis digestive system

Answer 13

-blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver
- blood distributes hormones that aid digestion

Question 14

focus on homeostasis urinary system

Answer 14

-heart and blood vessels deliver 20% of the resting cardiac output to the kidneys, where blood is filtered, needed substances are reabsorbed and unneeded substances remain as part of urine and are excreted

Question 15

focus on homeostasis reproductive system

Answer 15

-vasodilation of arterioles in penis and clitoris causes erection during sexual intercourse
- blood distributes hormones that regulate reproductive functions

Question 16

focus on homeostasis for all body systems

Answer 16

-the heart pumps blood through blood vessels to body tissues, delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing wastes by means of capillary exchange
- circulating blood keeps blood tissues at a proper temp

Question 17

shock

Answer 17

failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients to meet cellular metabolic needs.
-inadequate blood flow to body tissues

Question 18

shock common symptoms

Answer 18

systolic blood pressure lower than 90mmHG, rapid resting heart rate, increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, weak pulse, cool, pale skin, sweating, reduced urine fomration, nausea

Question 19

aneurysm and the result

Answer 19

thin, weakened section of the wall of an artery or vein that bulges outward, forming a balloon like sac
-result is massive hemorrhage along with shock, severe pain stroke or death

Question 20

causes of aneurysm

Answer 20

atherosclerosis, syphilis, congenital blood vessel defects, trauma