Renal, Urinary Tract

Question 1

Explain Renal Failure

Answer 1

when kidneys cant perform excretory funtions

Question 2

What does renal failure cause?

Answer 2

reduced urine function
disturbed fluid balance
hypertension
anemia

Question 3

What is a common problem with renal failure?

Answer 3

acidosis

Question 4

What happens with chronic renal failure?

Answer 4

kidney function deteriorates gradually
not reversable

Question 5

What happens with acute renal failure?

Answer 5

kdiney function deteriorates quickly within a few days

Question 6

What is acute renal failure caused by?

Answer 6

exposure to drugs
trauma
allergy to antibiotics

Question 7

How do you treat renal failure?

Answer 7

dialysis for symptoms but not for cure
kidney transplant is only real cure

Question 8

What does the urinary tract do?

Answer 8

transport, store, eliminate urine

Question 9

What does the urinary tract include?

Answer 9

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 10

How do you see the urinary tract?

Answer 10

using a plyogram

Question 11

What are the ureters?

Answer 11

muscular tubes that go from the kidney to the bladder

Question 12

How much urine can the bladder hold?

Answer 12

up to 1 liter

Question 13

What are rugae?

Answer 13

folds in the bladder

Question 14

What do the ureteral openings do?

Answer 14

prevent backflow of urine into ureters

Question 15

What does the trigone do?

Answer 15

acts as a funnel, channeling urine into the urethra

Question 16

What does the external urethral sphincter do?

Answer 16

the voluntary muscle that you use to pee.
must be relaxed in order to work

Question 17

What are the three layers of the ureters

Answer 17

inner mucosa, middle muscular layer, outer connective tissue

Question 18

What is the urethra lined with?

Answer 18

stratified epithelium

Question 19

What does the micturation reflex do?

Answer 19

coordinates the process of urination

Question 20

What pathways does the micturation reflex involve?

Answer 20

Local reflex pathway
Central pathway through cerebral cortex

Question 21

What does the local pathway start with?

Answer 21

stretch receptors of the urinary bladder distort as it fills

Question 22

What are the primary signs of urinary disorders?

Answer 22

Polyuria
Oliguria
Anuria

Question 23

What does polyuria mean?

Answer 23

excessive urine production
results from hormonal or metabolic problems

Question 24

What does oliguria mean?

Answer 24

reduced urine production (50-500 ml/day)

Question 25

What does anuria mean?

Answer 25

secerely reduce urine production (0-50 ml/day)

Question 26

Which two urinary disorders indicate serious kidney problems?

Answer 26

oliguria and anuria