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Histology One > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

what does the liver develop from

A

an outgrowth of the gut

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2
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

carbohydrates + proteins –> fatty acids and triglycerides
Oxidise trilcericdes to produce energy
regulate blood gluoce concentration
detofification
bile secretion
syntehsie cholesterol

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3
Q

how does the liver regulate glouce concentration

A

through glyocgensis and glyconeogensis

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4
Q

what is the liver surrounded by

A

dense fibrous connective tissue and covring of mesthelial cells

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5
Q

what is the function of the mesothelium

A

acts as a shield against pathogens

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6
Q

what does the capsule also have c + e f

A

collagen and elastic fibres
blood vessels

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7
Q

what does the glission capsule send out

A

extensions into the hepatic parecnhyma which contributes to the supportive stroma

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8
Q

what is this covering derived from

A

simple squamous derived from the peritoneum

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9
Q

what are the different parts of the liver

A

Gibsons capusule
Parenchyma
Stroma

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10
Q

what does the Connective tissue do to the parenchyma

A

Divides it into lobules

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11
Q

what does the parenchyma consist of

A

ornaisgsed plates of heaptocytes
portal triad
central vein

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12
Q

what is the stroma continuous with

A

fibrous capdule of glission

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13
Q

what does the stroma contain

A

sinusoidal capillaries - vascular channels between paltes of hepatocytes
perisnsioundal spaces - lie between sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes

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14
Q

what ia the general structure for the classic hepatic lobule <=>

A

6 sides with a portal triad sourring each side with hepatic sinusoids going into the central vein

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15
Q

what is in the portal triad

A

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

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16
Q

what is the hepatic sinusoids arranged around

A

the central vein

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17
Q

where does most of the blood come from

A

hepatic portal vein
rest is hepatic artery

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18
Q

what is the function of the portal vein

A

nutrient rich blood from the gastrointesitnial tract

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19
Q

what is the function of the hetpatic artery

A

provide oxygenated blood

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20
Q

what do terminal branches of the portal vein empty into

A

thin wall hepatic sinusoiids that are in contract with hepatocytes

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21
Q

what type of capillary is the hepatic sinusoids

A

fenestrated

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22
Q

what is the portal vein thin walls lined with

A

endothelium

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23
Q

why can the hepatic arteriole be identified

A

due to their thick muscular layer around the endothelium

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24
Q

what epithelium is the bile ductule lined with

A

simple cubodial

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25
Q

what is the main cells of the liver

A

hepatocytes

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26
Q

what are they

A

polyhedral epithelial cells

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27
Q

what do they form
but what are they actually

A

cords of liver cells
sheets or plates of cells

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28
Q

what is a sinusoids

A

the sheets of hepatocytes have spaed to allow blood flow

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29
Q

why is the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes esonphillic

A

because of their mitchodronia

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30
Q

what is there nuclei like

A

large spherical nuclei with nuclei have more than one nculei

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31
Q

what is the surface of each hepatocyte in contract with

A

wall of the sinusoid
(through perisinusoidal space)

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32
Q

what is a bile canilcusus
definition - projections - junctions - plasma

A

2 hepatocytes meet
first part of the bile duct
microvilli projections from the hepatocytes
joined by tight junctions
plasma is linited

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33
Q

what are the three types of lobules

A

classic hepatic
portal
hepatic acinus

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34
Q

classic hepatic lobule

A

drains blood from the portal vein + hepatic veins into the central vein or hepatic vein

35
Q

what is the classic lobule useful for

A

endocrine function producing factors for the uptake of plasma

36
Q

what is portal lobule

A

drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile ducts

37
Q

what is this useful for

A

exocrine function

38
Q

what is the shape of the portal lobule

A

triangular
central veins and three classic lobulaes at its angle

39
Q

what is the hepatic anius

A

supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes

40
Q

what does the hepatic acinus look like

A

irregular ovual
from the two portal triadards to the two cloest central veins

41
Q

what are the different zones of the hepatic acinus

A

Zone I - hepatocytes closeest to the hepatic arteriole gets the most oxygen and nutrients
Zone III - closeest to the central vien least oxygen

42
Q

what does being in zone one allow for function

A

oxidative metbaolsim functions such as proteins syntehsis

43
Q

what are the sinusoids lined with

A

endothelial cells

44
Q

what is the space of Disse / perisinsoidal space

A

a small space between the lining of the sinusoid and the hepatocytes

45
Q

what projects into this space

A

microvilli of the hepatocytes

46
Q

what is the endothelium of the sinuoid like

A

fenerstrated

47
Q

why is this important

A

liquid components of blood have free access to the hepatocytes but blood cells DO NOT

48
Q

what can be seen in the hepatocyte cytoplasm

A

mitchondria with tubular cirstae
free ribosomes
RER
Golgi complexes cluster close to the bile canilicusus
SER
glycogen and lipid stroage

49
Q

what does the SER contain

A

detofication enzymes

50
Q

what is in glycogen and lipids

A

lysomes and peroisomes

51
Q

what is the parenchyma supported by

A

reticular fibres (type III)
Type I

52
Q

where are type I colalgne fibres found

A

space of Disse

53
Q

what does this meshwork support

A

hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells

54
Q

what does the rectiulin do

A

The reticulin merges with the sparse collagenous supporting tissue of the portal tract T and central venule V.

55
Q

at the periphery of the liver what is the reticulin continuous with

A

liver capsule

56
Q

what are the portal tracts accompanied by (2)

A

liver capsule
collagenous connective tissue

57
Q

What are Kupffer cells

A

stellate marcophages

58
Q

what are the kupffer found between

A

the sinusoidal endothelial cells on the lumane surface within sinsuoids near the portal areas

59
Q

what is the main function of kupffer cells

A

break down aged erythrocytes and free heme for reuse
remove bacteria and debris that may enter the portal blood
adaptive immunity

60
Q

hepatic steallate fate storing cells

A

contain vitamin A

61
Q

what is their function

A

stores vitamin a
produce ECM
local immunity
transform myofibroblasts to produce scar tissue in the liver

62
Q

what does the kupffer cell have

A

lysome and a irregular micovilli

63
Q

what is bile
what does it contain

A

alkaine solution
water ions phsopipids bilibruin and bile salts

64
Q

why are bile salts inmportant

A

emulsification of fats

65
Q

primary bile is produced by what

A

hepatocytes

66
Q

what is the bile modified by

A

cholagnicotyeswh

67
Q

where are the cholagniocytes found

A

lining the biliary tree

68
Q

what is the bile secreted into

A

canilculi

69
Q

what is the canilui formed bu

A

fine channels formed by plasma membrane of adjacent hepatocytes

70
Q

what do the bile caniluiof adjacent hepatocytes plate merge to form

A

canals of herig

71
Q

what do the canal herig drain into

A

the bile ducutles of the portal tracts

72
Q

what are small bile ducts made of ep

A

The smallest intrahepatic bile ducts have one layer of small cuboidal cells

73
Q

where are ducts always found

A

portal tracts and travel to with branches to the portal veins or hepatic arteries

74
Q

what is the direction of the bile

A

from the centrle of the lobules to the periphery Not from the central vein

75
Q

Intrahepatic biliary system - bc

A

bile canailcui with small channels formed by tight junctions
no membrane limited by plasma but have tight junctions

76
Q

near the peripheral portal areas what does bile canacuili do

A

empty into the canal of hering

77
Q

then into what

A

bile ductules

78
Q

what is the bile ductules composed of

A

cholangiocytes (cubodial epithelium cells)

79
Q

where do the bilte ductules end

A

in the bile ducts in the portal spaces

80
Q

what happens to the cells as the ducts get larger

A

more olumnar

81
Q

what happens to their nculei

A

more basal

82
Q

what is the connective tissue

A

dense collagen fibre bundles surrounds the ducts

83
Q

what do the bile ducts fusing form

A

hepatic ducts

Histology One (14 decks)

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