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Cardiology > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

what does cardiomyopathy mean?

A

disease of the heart muscle

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2
Q

heart failure that occurs when the heart muscle is weak

A

systolic failure

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3
Q

heart failure that occurs when the heart muscle is stiff and unable to relax normally

A

diastolic failure

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4
Q

systolic dysfunction includes which type of cardiomyopathy?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

diastolic dysfunction includes which 2 types of cardiomyopathy?

A

hypertrophic CM
restrictive CM

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of heart failure?

A

DCM

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7
Q

what is the primary indication for cardiac transplant?

A

idiopathic DCM

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8
Q

dilation and impaired systolic function of one or both ventricles

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

what 2 valvular diseases occurs as a result of DCM?

A

mitral regurg
tricuspid regurg

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of DCM?

A

idiopathic

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11
Q

what are 2 other causes of DCM?

A

viral myocarditis
alcohol toxicity

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12
Q

most cases of DCM present as what?

A

left-sided heart failure

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13
Q

a patient presents with fatigue, DOE, lightheadedness, murmurs, cool/clammy skin, and JVD. what are they likely experiencing?

A

DCM

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14
Q

what is the main diagnostic modality for DCM?

A

echocardiogram

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15
Q

what would an echo of DCM show? (4)

A

four chamber enlargement
hypokinesis
LVEF less than 40%
MR / TR

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16
Q

what diagnostic would help to determine co-existent coronary artery disease in a patient with suspected DCM?

A

cardiac catheterization

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17
Q

what are 3 treatments for DCM?

A

diuretics
ACE/ARB
Beta blockers

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18
Q

what medication can be given in advanced disease of DCM?

A

spironolactone

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19
Q

what can be considered after 1 week of no clinical improvement with treatment of DCM?

A

consider biopsy

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20
Q

what kind of procedure is indicated in severe heart failure of DCM that has not responded to treatment?

A

transplant

21
Q

unexplained ventricular hypertrophy - not due to systemic HTN

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

22
Q

what is the most common HCM?

A

septal hypertrophy

23
Q

what is the #1 cause of cardiac death in athletes?

A

HCM

24
Q

what wall thickness is present in HCM?

A

over 15 mm

25
Q

a patient presents with double pulsation of carotid, arrhythmias/palpitations, SOB on exertion, fatigue, and angina. what are they likely experiencing?

A

HCM

26
Q

on exam, you note a localized PMI, murmur after S1 at the LLSB that increases with valsalva/standing and decreases with squatting/sitting/handgrips. what is the diagnosis?

A

HCM

27
Q

what screening diagnostic is used for HCM in young athletes?

A

2D echo

28
Q

what 2 diagnostics should ALL patients received if we suspect they have HCM?

A

echo
ECG

29
Q

if a patient has evidence of HCM in echo/ecg, what should be done next?

A

exercise stress test (ambulatory ecg)

30
Q

in a patient with HCM, what would an ECG show? (2)

A

LVH
LAD

31
Q

a patient with suspected HCM is experiencing palpitations/lightheadedness. what diagnostic should we use?

A

24 hr event monitor

32
Q

what is the 1st line medication for HCM?

A

beta blockers

33
Q

what is the 2nd line medication for HCM?

A

disopyramide

34
Q

what is an alternative to beta blockers as the first line med for HCM?

A

CCB (verapamil)

35
Q

what surgical treatment is used in HCM cases with LV outflow gradient that is unresponsive to medical therapy?

A

septal myectomy

36
Q

restricted ventricular filling in a non-dilated, non-hypertrophied ventricle usually due to stiffening, fibrosis, or decreased compliance.

A

restricted cardiomyopathy

37
Q

what is the most common cause of RCM?

A

amyloidosis

38
Q

what is the most common storage disease of RCM?

A

hemochromatosis

39
Q

a patient presents with arrhythmias, elevated JVP, S3, mitral/tricuspid valve regurg. what are they likely experiencing?

A

RCM

40
Q

what will an ECG of RCM show? (3)

A

low voltage
heart blocks
afib

41
Q

what will a CXR of RCM show?

A

pulmonary venous congestion

42
Q

what will an echo of RCM show?

A

starry night or speckled pattern due to infiltrates

43
Q

what is an essential test in patients with RCM due to infiltrative disease?

A

endomyocardial biopsy

44
Q

What diagnostic should be used to differentiate between RCM and constrictive pericarditis?

A

cardiac MRI

45
Q

what is the 2nd infiltrative disease that causes RCM, besides amyloidosis?

A

sarcoidosis

46
Q

what is the general treatment goal for RCM?

A

treat heart failure

47
Q

what are medications used to treat RCM? (3)

A

diuretics
BBs/CCBs
anticoagulants

48
Q

what is used as a treatment for RCM with advanced AV block?

A

dual chamber pacemaker

Cardiology (19 decks)

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