representations of ethnicity

Question 1

How does the media present EMG?

Answer 1

• There are negative stereotypes of EMGs
• portrays them as having a homogenous [old-fashioned] identity

-portrayed non-white groups as a threat

• portrayed as a threat to the harmonious running of society e.g. [ greater diversity has ked to a cancel culture ]

Question 2

What view did Hall take

Answer 2

Neo-Marxist

Question 3

What did Hall argue

Answer 3

• That the media representations convey stereotypes based on ethnicity

Question 4

What does Hall suggest?

Answer 4

• The audience is complicit [agree easily] in interpreting messages & creating stereotypes as they accept what is presented to them.

Question 5

How does the media create a division in society?

Answer 5

• By passing on the dominant ideology
• It sets up EM to be the scapegoat for social problems e.g. poverty & unemployment.

Question 6

What did Van Dijk do and what did he find?

Answer 6

• Did a content analysis of thousands of news items across the world over several decades.
• Found that the representations of black people could be categorized into 3 stereotypically negative of news:
  1.EM as criminals
  2.EMs as a threat
  3.EMs as unimportant

Question 7

Give evidence + explanation of minority groups as criminals.

Answer 7

WAYNE - found that 50% of news stories concerning young black people dealt with them committing crime.

CUSHION - points out that black crime is often presented as senseless/ motivated by gang rivalries.

Question 8

Give evidence + explanation of minority groups as a threat.

Answer 8

IMMIGRANTS - seen as a threat in terms of their numbers & impact on jobs + welfare services

REFUGEES + ASYLUM SEEKERS - often portrayed as being a threat to British social cohesion & national identity

MUSLIMS - portrayed as the enemy within

Question 9

What are the 4 negative media messages about Muslims?

Answer 9

• Islam is dangerous & irrational
• Multiculturism is allowing muslims to spread their message
• Clash of civilisations with Islam being presented as intolerant + oppressive.
• Islam as a threat to the British way od life with Sharia law

Question 10

Give explanation + evidence of minority groups as unimportant?

Answer 10

Van Dijk - claimed that black victims are not paid as much attention to as white victims of crime

Question 11

Why does the media as a whole pay little attention to the concerns & interests of EMs?

Answer 11

Because the mainstream media is dominated by white male public school and Oxbridge educated m/c elite

Question 12

what is the white consensus approach

Answer 12

having norms and values that society follows to allow harmony

Question 13

why do pluralists argue that they have to report on things such as black people as criminals

Answer 13

because if they dont reflect what the public wants then they will go out of buissness.