exam - sport + crime

Question 1

sports development perspective on crime prevention projects

Answer 1

• stimulate societal outcomes: healthy community, integrate minorities, regeneration
• moral improvement
• low costing and non-stigmatised approach
• effective in attractive demographics that are hard to reach

Question 2

what are the 4 key theories?

Answer 2

1. Hirshis 1969 theory of social bond
2. vettenburgs 1998 social vulnerability theory
3. experiential learning theory Newman et al. 2017
4. theory of change mason et al 2020: Morgan et al 2020

Question 3

describe Hirshis 1969 theory of social bond

Answer 3

• criminology theory
• individuals with stronger bonds to society are less likely to engage criminal activities when strongly connected to families, friends and communities
• abide societies regs when strong bond with others
• 4 elements: attachment, commitment, beliefs and involvement

Question 4

describe vettenburgs 1998 social vulnerability theory

Answer 4

• focuses on social domain of youth anti-social behaviours
• antisocial behaviour due to disconnect from society
• a sport based intervention could facilitate social bonding processes and positive experiences

Question 5

describe the experiential learning theory

Answer 5

• individual perspective and learning process
• participation = learning positive traits, skills and virtues
• coaches reflect with youth

Question 6

describe theory of change

Answer 6

• designed for practitioners engaging with youth with experience in custody or criminal activity
• use sport to discourage crime
• enhance positive outcomes and pro-social behaviours learnt
• develop pro-social identity reducing re-offending
• interventions will maximise prosocial behaviours, opportunities and to the community

Question 7

2 examples of crime prevention practices

Answer 7

• KCIT project (kicking crime into touch)
• line up live up

Question 8

explain the KCIT project

Answer 8

• 2 year youth justice intervention programme manchester
• charity funded
• 14 young men 16-16 y/o to take part in rugby programme
• PYD approaches
• less contentious than boxing
• positive virtues = resilience, endurance, self-discipline, emotional control
• each session you learn core values of rugby
• relief of stress and anxiety, new people, respect

Question 9

explain line up live up

Answer 9

• UNODC initiative
• promotes sport as a tool to prevent crime
• influences attitudes and behaviours of young people to prevent anti-social behaviour
• 11 countries - international experts
• male and female 12-18 y/o
• 10 interactive sessions with diverse sport and exercise
• decried end of sessions
• 97% - learnt new skills for everyday life

Question 10

what are 4 debates in this topic?

Answer 10

1. instrumental role of sport
2. potential for certain sorts to be counterproductive
3. differences in experiencing a programme
4. no clear correlations or causation

Question 11

what are 3 ethical considerations in this topic?

Answer 11

1. whose responsibility and what priority
2. content and activities of programmes
3. partnerships between stakeholders

Question 12

Morgan et al. 2020

Answer 12

• sports a panacea for social disharmony
• theory-based approaches - device to explore impact of initiatives and best practice
• theory of change
• overview of mechanisms stakeholders considered necessary when using sport as a deterrent to criminal behaviour
• relationships provide platform for individual development
• to be used by practitioners working in these settings
• simple questions unhelpful with complex human interaction
• little evidence
  -successful addressing proximal risk factors
• lacking impact of interventions on recidivism
• look at book

Question 13

Nicholas 2007

Answer 13

• 3 ways to reduce crime with sport
• distraction
• CBT
• relationship strategy
• embed sport into community to achiever these objectives

Question 14

hoffenaar et al. 2018

Answer 14

little knowledge of effectiveness in interventions

Question 15

Kelly 2012

Answer 15

• analysis of sport-crime interventions
• 3 ways to reduce yc
• change people, change environment, change responses
• hard to find evidence on impact of field despite prosocial development not being new
• diversion activités - plus sport reduce reoffending
• studies on sport plus initiatives - consider extent programmes challenge or reproduce unequal social relationships