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sports development > exam - mass + community sport development > Flashcards

exam - mass + community sport development Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference in definitions of sport and PA?

A
  • sport = focus of competitiveness and structured rules
  • physical activity = any bodily movement produced by skeletal movement requiring energy expenditure
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2
Q

what is the role of PA?

A
  • impacts everyone
  • improves quality of life
  • declining since 1960s
  • participation improves health
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3
Q

what is the multiplier effect?

A
  • more increase of sport and PA, more you find this to effect yourself, more likely to engage in other sport and PA
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4
Q

list benefits of sport and PA

A

1.cardiovascular function
2. Lower BP
3. fights obesity
4. increases social benefits and interactions
5. anti-depressant
6. improved sleep levels
7. fun
8. causal effect of PA improving health levels

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5
Q

how is physical inactivity linked to immortality?

A
  • 4th leading risk factor for global mortality
  • 6+ of deaths globally
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6
Q

how much PA should we be getting?

A
  • adults = moderate intensity (150 mins/week), vigorous (75/week), build strength 2 days/week
  • children = 60 mins per day/week
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7
Q

list the under-represented/priority groups

A
  • disability
  • gender
  • age
  • race
  • social class
  • low socioeconomic backgrounds
  • disadvantaged communities
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8
Q

what are the current trends in this area?

A
  • female pop steadily more inactive than male
  • disabilities or long term illness more than 42% likely not to engage in PA
  • white is active active ethnic group
  • more educated individual = more active they are
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9
Q

5 barriers for these priority groups

A
  1. physical
  2. economic
  3. motivational
  4. cultural
  5. political
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10
Q

what are disabilities main barriers?

A
  • person - health and energy
  • environment - lack of opportunities, accessibility, transport
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11
Q

what are low socioeconomic groups main barriers?

A
  • cost
  • time
  • awareness
  • confidence
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12
Q

what are ethnic groups main barriers?

A
  • social-cultural
  • director and indirect racism
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13
Q

what are genders main barriers?

A
  • lack of appropriate info
  • lack of recreation provision
  • lack of peer support
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14
Q

what are the 3 levels of barriers?

A
  1. individual level (prejudice, stereotyping)
  2. institutional level (lack of organised programmes, access to coaches, accessible facilities)
  3. societal level (public area obstructions, buildings, medial model of disability)
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15
Q

negative said of sport and PA from a psycho-social view

A
  • depends on person to person
  • individual personalities and motivations
  • losing a game can be detrimental to mental wellbeing
  • PA is intrinsic motivation
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16
Q

negative side of PA from physical view

A
  • overtraining
  • injury - cost, mental health
  • pressure to get back
  • weight stigma
  • doping (EPO)
17
Q

who is at risk of fat burner drugs?

A
  • rec gym users, bodybuilders, weight class sports, power weight sports, models, aesthetic athletes
18
Q

types of fat burners?

A
  1. clenbuterol (anabolic and lipolytic effects)
  2. thyroid hormones (T3 and T4 - prioritises fat loss over muscle loss)
  3. dinitrophenol (increases body temp, no return)
19
Q

what are the intended effects of fat burners?

A
  • decrease adipose tissues and suppresses appetite
    -increase weight loss
20
Q

what’s the undesired effects of fat burners?

A
  • mood change and behaviour
  • anxiety/depression
  • insomnia
  • cardiovascular disease
  • reduced fat absorption of dietary fat
21
Q

types of muscle builders?

A
  1. human growth hormones (increase lean body mass, targets bone, muscle or organs)
  2. insulin (increase glucose and protein storage, enhances recovery and provides a fuller look)
  3. SARMs (anabolic development, lack of clinical trials)
22
Q

undesired effects of muscle builders

A
  1. HGH - edema, sweating, diabetes, myalgia
  2. insulin - weight gain, diabetes, death
  3. SARMs - mood swings, acne, testicular atrophy
23
Q

describe anabolic-androgenic steroids

A
  • AAS
  • 3.3% global prevalence
  • common in rec gym users
  • prohibited in sport
  • amplify personality
24
Q

method of action AAS

A
  • combined with regimented training gain vast increases in muscle growth, strength and aesthetics
  • dose dependent
  • inject or oral
  • patterns differ from on and off cycles, cruise and blast or TRT
25
Q

why use AAS

A
  • competitive edge
  • bodybuilding
  • internal motivation (desire to increase size, strength, aesthetic, muscle dysmorphia, eating disorder, ACE, high DMDS, low DRES)
  • hypogonadism
26
Q

undesired effects of AAS

A
  • dependent on dose. idiosyncratic
  • cosmetic - acne, bodily harm, baldness, abscesses
  • physical - muscle/tendon damage, imbalanced cholesterol, elevated RBCs, lowered voice, clitoral enlargement
  • psychological - depression, anxiety, mood swings, libido, insomnia, body checking
  • UGLs
  • dependent users have increased experience of undesired effects
  • higher doses = less time off cycle = neurological impact
27
Q

AAS prevalence in women

A
  • 1.6% lifetime prevalence
  • similar motivations
  • increase self-protection after abuse
  • self-confidence
  • pushed to use by male figure
  • masculinizing effects
  • affects menstrual cycles and fertility
28
Q

AAS issue in UK

A
  • 342% increase in users - 1995-2015 (mcveigh and Begley 2016)
  • only 37.1% users seek medial support (Amaral et al 2022)
  • hope et al 2023 - men 328,000-687,000 - women 17,000-76,000
29
Q

prevention of using performance enhancing drugs

A
  • needle and syringe programmes
  • understand motivation and substances
  • managing use
30
Q

richardson and feltcher 2018

A
  • premier league kicks
  • black minorities in England
  • football not a panacea as little careers, racial abuse, unfair recruitment
  • social mobility getting worse not aiding life
  • Putnam view of bonding and bridging
  • developed strong social relationships, help get off streets
31
Q

withall et al 2011

A
  • barriers and enablers of low income groups
    chronic condition more prevalent in low income groups and PA reduces them
  • difficult to recruit
  • cost, childcare, little awareness are barriers
  • need for support, confidence and competence to do PA - women mainly
  • when active increase in interest, enjoyment and retention levels

sports development (10 decks)

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