Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is one major components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

The heart (muscular organ which functions as a pump)

Question 2

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

When the right side of heart pumps blood to and from the lungs

Question 3

What is systemic cicrulation?

Answer 3

When the left side of the heart pumps blood through the rest of the body

Question 4

What are arteries?

Answer 4

thick elastic walls; carry blood away from the heart, expand and relax with the volume of blood, and coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

Question 5

what are veins?

Answer 5

thin walls; carry blood to the heart

Question 6

what are capillaries?

Answer 6

tiny vessels only one cell thick, deliver oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the tissues, and pick up oxygen-poor, waste-laden blood

Question 7

what are some risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease?

Answer 7

high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, tobacco use, obesity, and diabetes

Question 8

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 8

when arteries become narrowed by deposits of fat, cholesterol, or other substances.

Question 9

What is coronary heart disease CHD or coronary artery disease CAD?

Answer 9

the arteries become blocked with plaque buildup

Question 10

What is peripheral artery disease?

Answer 10

An artery in a limb becomes narrowed or blocked

Question 11

what is angina pectoris?

Answer 11

when arteries become narrowed from disease, but open up just enough to deliver blood under normal circumstances.

Question 12

where does angina pectoris occur?

Answer 12

It occurs when extreme tightness is found in the chest along with heavy pressure behind the breastbone or in the shoulder, neck, arm, hand, or back.

Question 13

What is a heart attack or myocardial infarction?

Answer 13

Coronary arteries become blocked and the heart muscle is dying.

Question 14

What is a stroke?

Answer 14

a medical emergency in which blood flow to or in the brain is impaired, also called a cerebro-vascular accident (CVA)

Question 15

What is an ischemic stroke?

Answer 15

a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain and linked to atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels.

Question 16

what is a hemorrhagic stoke?

Answer 16

a rupture of blood vessels in the brain and linked to hypertension

Question 17

what are ways to prevent cardiovascular disease?

Answer 17

maintain a healthy diet, fat and cholesterol should be less then 30 percent of total calories, lower fat intake, increase consumption of plants, limit sodium, moderate alcohol consumption.

Question 18

what is cancer?

Answer 18

Cancer is a group of diseases marked by uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells.

Question 19

what is a tumor?

Answer 19

a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose

Question 20

what is a benign tumor?

Answer 20

mass of normal cells enclosed in a membrane that prevents their penetration of other tissues that is non cancerous.

Question 21

what is a malignant tumor?

Answer 21

a cancerous tumor that can invade surrounding tissues, can spread via blood and lymphatic circulation.

Question 22

what is a carcinogen?

Answer 22

a substance known to trigger DNA mutations that can lead to cancer

Question 23

what is an oncogene?

Answer 23

mutated gene that encourages the uncontrolled cell division that results in cancer

Question 24

what is metastasis?

Answer 24

the process by which a malignant tumor spreads to other sites

Question 25

what are some causes of cancer?

Answer 25

genetic and biological factors, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, exposure to infectious agents, dietary factors, alcohol.

Question 26

what is cancer diagnosed?

Answer 26

screening tests such as mammograms and a colonoscopy can detect cancers at specific sites, biopsy can test for abnormal growth, lab tests such as blood work and bodily fluids, imaging technologies such as ultrasound, MRI, CT, and a PET scan.

Question 27

how is cancer treated?

Answer 27

surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation

Question 28

what are gender specific cancers for women?

Answer 28

breast, ovarian, and cervical and uterine

Question 29

what are gender specific cancers for men?

Answer 29

prostate and testicular

Question 30

what are non gender specific cancers?

Answer 30

skin, lungs, colorectal, and oral

Question 31

what is skin cancer?

Answer 31

forms of basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Can occur with excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, sunburns.

Question 32

what is lung cancer?

Answer 32

most common cause of cancer death in US and history of smoking.

Question 33

what is colon and rectal cancer?

Answer 33

Excessive alcohol use, obesity, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement.

Question 34

What is ovarian cancer?

Answer 34

similar to breast cancer, age, no pregnancy, family history, obesity, genetic mutations, high number of ovulations during lifespan.

Question 35

what is breast cancer?

Answer 35

genetic history, early onset menstruation, late onset menopause, having a child after 30, having no children, hormone replacement, obesity, diet, and alcohol use.

Question 36

what is prostate cancer?

Answer 36

age, lifestyle, genetic factors, history of STDS, type 2 diabetes.

Question 37

what is cervical cancer?

Answer 37

directly associated with infections by the human papillomavirus or HPV

Question 38

what is uterine and endometrial cancer?

Answer 38

prolonged exposure to estrogen, early menstruation, late menopause, no pregnancies, obesity.