Infectious diseases

Question 1

what is an infection?

Answer 1

the invasion of body tissues by microorganisms that used the body’s environment to multipy and cause disease

Question 2

what is a pathogen?

Answer 2

an agent that causes disease

Question 3

what is a reservoir?

Answer 3

the natural environment for any particular pathogen, where it accumulates in large numbers

Question 4

what is a host?

Answer 4

a person, plant, or animal in which or on which pathogens live and reproduce

Question 5

what is the chain of infection?

Answer 5

a group of factors necessary for the spread of infection

Question 6

what is a carrier?

Answer 6

a person who is infected with a pathogen and does not show symptoms but who is infectious

Question 7

what is direct transmission?

Answer 7

contact with infected people and infected animals

Question 8

what is indirect transmission?

Answer 8

touching contaminated surfaces, breathing airborne pathogens, bites from infected insects.

Question 9

what is a vector?

Answer 9

animal of insect that transports pathogens from one point to another
Drinking or eating contaminated food or water

Question 10

what is the innate immune response?

Answer 10

it is made up of non-specific immune cells, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killers

Question 11

what is the adaptive immune response?

Answer 11

immune cells and proteins developed to fight specific pathogens, B cells make antibodies, and T cells are the cellular response.

Question 12

what is the 1st phase of the immune response?

Answer 12

recognition and dendritic cells are drawn to the site

Question 13

what is phase 2 of the immune response?

Answer 13

proliferation- helper T cells multiply, production of killer T and B cells, and cytokines are chemical messengers

Question 14

what is phase 3 of the immune response?

Answer 14

killer T cells strike, cells mediate the immune response, and antibodies mediate immune response

Question 15

what is phase 4 of the immune response?

Answer 15

some memory T and B cells remain

Question 16

what is pneumonia?

Answer 16

inflammation of the lungs, with severe fever, chills, shortness of breath, increased mucus production and cough.

Question 17

what is meningitis?

Answer 17

inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord with fever, a severe headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and confusion.

Question 18

what is strep throat?

Answer 18

red sore throat with white patches on the tonsils, lymph nodes, fever, headache.

Question 19

what is toxic shock syndrome and staph?

Answer 19

staph is a bacteria commonly found on the skin and in the nasal passages for healthy people. Toxic shock syndrome is when bacteria produced a toxic that causes a massive proliferation of T cells that bind to it.

Question 20

what is tuberculosis?

Answer 20

a chronic bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs, though it can affect other organs as well. Antibiotics such as MDR-TB and XDR-TB can treat it over a course of 6 to 12 months

Question 21

What are common viruses?

Answer 21

common cold, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, cold sores, and other herpesvirus infections, viral hepatitis, and human papillomavirus.

Question 22

what is HIV and AIDS?

Answer 22

A sexually transmitted virus caused by the transmission of blood or blood products such as semen, vaginal and cervical secretions, and breast milk. There is no cure, but medications can help such as transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and entry inhibitors.

Question 23

What is hepatitis B

Answer 23

Sexually transmitted infection caused from the spread through unprotected sex, can also be spread through sharing needles, razors, or syringes with an infected person. There is no cure and no specific treatment, vaccination against it is recommended.

Question 24

What is genital herpes?

Answer 24

HSV 1 is oral herpes and HSV 2 if genital herpes or oral herpes from oral sex or changes in sexual behavior. There is no cure, but it can be managed.

Question 25

what is the human papillomavirus or HPV?

Answer 25

Transmitted though sexual activity and common types include common warts, genital warts, and genital cancer. Treatment can be to use condoms, cryosurgery (freezing), electrocautery (burning), or laser surgery.

Question 26

what is chlamydia?

Answer 26

spread through vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse and from mother to newborn. Treatment is antibiotics usually doxycycline for a week or azithromycin in a single dose.

Question 27

what is gonorrhea?

Answer 27

a sexually transmitted disease through contact with infected penis, vagina, anus, or mouth. Treatment is antibiotics

Question 28

what is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 28

happens in most women who are infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia that hasn’t been treated. A combination of antibiotics, in severe cases may be hospitalized and given intravenous antibiotics for treatment.

Question 29

what is syphilis?

Answer 29

sexually transmitted through treponema pallidum which is a thick cork-screwed shaped bacterium that is acquired through sexual contact. Treatment and curable through penicillin.

Question 30

what happens in stage 1 of syphilis?

Answer 30

10 days to 3 months after infection, primary syphilis appears. A painless sore called a chancre appears where the bacteria entered the body- around the genitals, inside the vagina or rectum, or on the lips or mouth

Question 31

what happens in stage 2 of syphilis?

Answer 31

Secondary syphilis. Symptoms may include a rash on the hands or feet, neck, head, or torso; wart-like growths around the genitals; and grayish sores in the mouth. Hair loss may occur, the infection then enters a latent stage which lacks symptoms and can last for years

Question 32

what happens in stage 3 of syphilis?

Answer 32

Tertiary stage. This stage can also lead to severe problems with the heart. Brains, and eyes, causing blindness, paralysis, brain damage, dementia, and even death

Question 33

what are some ways to prevent infectious diseases?

Answer 33

get vaccinated, use condoms, get tested, get treated, educate yourself and others, encourage friends to check their immunization status.