Central Nervous System - Nervous System 1

Question 1

What is the nervous system divided into?

Answer 1

• central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
• peripheral nervous system (connects everything to the brain and spinal cord)

Question 2

What are the different types of neurones?

Answer 2

• motor neurone (signal to muscle - tells them to move)
• sensory neurone (sends signal from sense organ)
• relay neurone (connects neurones to other neurones)

Question 3

What are the meninges of the brain

Answer 3

Meninges = layers of membrane which protect the brain and spinal cord
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

What are the parts of the brain?

Answer 4

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla
• cerebellum
• cerebrum (cortex)

Question 5

Cerebrum

Answer 5

• mental activities - memory, intelligence, thinking, learning etc
• sensory perception - pain, temperature, touch, special senses
• initiation and control - contraction and control of voluntary muscles
  > Motor area on right hemisphere controls voluntary movement on left side of the body
  > Motor area on left hemisphere controls voluntary movement on right side of the body
• white matter - inner
• grey matter - outer

Question 6

Midbrain

Answer 6

• between cerebrum above and the pons below - relay station (think back to relay neurones)

Question 7

Pons

Answer 7

• situated in front of cerebellum, below midbrain and above medulla - Autonomic NS.

Question 8

Medulla

Answer 8

• lies just above foramen magnum and attaches to the spinal cord.
• several cranial nerves arise and form groups of neuron cells bodies in medulla
• some nuclei are called control centres:
  
  • the cardiac
  • the respiratory
  • vasomotor
  • reflex centre - swallowing, coughing

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

• situated behind the pons
• concerned with voluntary muscular movement and balance

Question 10

Spinal cord

Answer 10

• elongated, cylindrical part of CNS
• lies within vertebral canal
• continuous - medulla above
• 18” long
• link between brain and organs etc
• conveys impulses to and from brain
• white matter = outer
• grey matter = inner

Question 11

White matter of the spinal cord

Answer 11

• arranged in columns
• formed by sensory nerve fibres ascending to the brain
• motor nerve fibres descending from the brain

Question 12

Grey matter in spinal cord

Answer 12

• resembles H-shape
• motor nerves situated in anterior horn
• sensory nerve fibres enter spinal cord via posterior horn