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vt 251 pharmacology > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory drugs are commonly used to?

A

Control the symptoms of respiratory tract disease by restoring normal function

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2
Q

Normal respiratory tract anatomy’s & physiology includes?

A
  1. Nasal Cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi
  6. Bronchioles
  7. Alveoli
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3
Q

Functions of the respiratory tract?

A
  1. Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Exchange
  2. Body Temperature Regulation
  3. Voice Production
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4
Q

Maintenance of the respiratory tract?

A

The environment within the respiratory tract must be highly humid & free of foreign objects.
1. Nasal Hairs - Filters out large particles
2. Nasal Turbinates (Concha) - Traps small particles & warms/humidifies the outside air
3. Mucociliary Clearance - Traps small particles in mucus & than are excreted by a wavelike action of the cilia
4. Coughing & Sneezing - Expel foreign debris forcefully
5. Laryngospasm & Bronchoconstriction - Prevent introduction of foreign debris into the respiratory tract

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5
Q

Antitussive drugs are?

A

Drugs that block the cough reflex

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6
Q

What are the two types of antitussives used in vet med?

A
  1. Centrally Acting Antitussives
  2. Locally Acting Antitussives
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7
Q

Centrally acting antitussives work by?

A

Suppressing the cough center in the central nervous system

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8
Q

Locally Acting Antitussives work by?

A

Preventing irritation to the respiratory tract
*Cough Drops

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9
Q

Opioid Analgesic Antitussive Drugs are what type of antitussive?

A

Centrally acting cough suppressants

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10
Q

Common opioid analgesic antitussives drugs used in vet med?

A
  1. Butorphanol
  2. Hydrocodone
  3. Dextromethorphan
  4. Codeine
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11
Q

Butorphanol is what type of antitissuvie?

A

Opioid analgesic antitussive
Centrally acting cough suppressant

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12
Q

Is Butorphanol a controlled drug?

A

yes

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13
Q

Butorphanol effects?

A

Centrally acting cough suppressant
Causes little sedation at antitussive dose

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14
Q

Hydrocodone is what type of drug?

A

Opioid Analgesic Antitussive Drug

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15
Q

Hydrocodone effects?

A

Centrally acting cough suppressant
May cause sedation
May cause constipation
Provides analgesia
*Controlled drug

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16
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Common ingredient inhuman nonprescription cold & flu medication

17
Q

Codeine

A

Found in many human cough suppressants
May cause duration
Controlled drug

18
Q

Mucolytic drugs are?

A

Drugs that reduce the viscosity of mucus in the respiratory tract
*Viscosity of mucus may increase during infection &/or inflammation

19
Q

Common Mucolytic drugs used in vet med?

A

Acetylcysteine
*Trade Name: Mucomust

20
Q

Acetylcysteine administration?

A

By using a nebulizer

21
Q

Acetylcysteine is the drug of choice to treat?

A

Acetaminophen toxicity

22
Q

Expectorant drugs are?

A

Drugs that increase the fluid consistency of mucus in the respiratory tract. Acts by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system system receptors to increase respiratory fluid secretions

23
Q

What are the two forms for expectorant drugs?

A
  1. Oral Medications
  2. Inhaled Vapors
24
Q

What are two commonly used expectorant drugs in vet med?

A
  1. Guaifenesin or Saline Solutions
  2. Inhaled Vapors
25
Q

Bronchodilator drugs are used to?

A

Relieve bronchoconstriction

26
Q

Bronchonstriction can be caused by?

A
  1. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
    - Organophosphate toxicity
    - Histamine Release (Asthma)
  2. Prevention of Sympathetic nervous system stimulation by drugs that block its receptors
    - Think when your running you need your lungs to expand fully but when your at rest they can constrict (relax)
27
Q

What are examples of bronchodilator drugs?

A
  1. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
  2. Methylxanthines
28
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonist work by?

A

stimulating sympathetic nervous system system receptors (∫B-2) involved in bronchodilation & stabilization of mast cells

29
Q

Methylaxanthines work by?

A

Causing bronchodilation by interfering with smooth muscle cell metabolism

30
Q

Methylxanthines may cause?

A

Central Nervous System Stimulation & GI upset

31
Q

Methylxanthines have a narrow or wide therapeutic range?

A

Narrow

32
Q

Methylxanthines is metabolized in the?

A

Liver

33
Q

Glucocorticoids clinical use as a respiratory drug?

A
  • Parenteral formulations recommended for short term use during acute respiratory problems (Allergic reactions/Asthma).
  • Decreased inflammation & edema
  • Inhaled recommended for long term control
34
Q

Antihistamines clinical use as a respiratory drug?

A

Block histamine receptors in smooth muscle of bronchioles to prevent bronchoconstriction

35
Q

Diuretics clinical use as a respiratory drug?

A
  • Removal of accumulated fluid from the lungs
  • Nebulize & coupage if possible to aid in the removal of respiratory secretions

vt 251 pharmacology (15 decks)

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