Unit 4 - Acid + Base, Redox, Molarity

Question 1

Strong Acid and Strong Base

Answer 1

Both Base and Acid will ionize completely

So the H+ and OH- will be left to interact with each other

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) –> H2O (l)

Question 2

Weak Acid and Strong Base

Answer 2

The Acid will not ionize
The base will completely Ionize

OH- will pull some of the H+ off of the Acid

OH-(aq) + HAcid(aq) –> H2O(l) + Acid(Aq)

Question 3

Strong Acid and Weak Base

Answer 3

The Acid will completely ionize
The Base will not ionize
- only weak base is NH3

The H+ will ionize and it will add itself to the already made H2O molecules to make H3O

• The base will come in and grab some of the H+ ions that are attached to the H3O –> making it H+ and H2O

B (aq) + H3O+ (aq) + Acid –> HB+ (aq) +H2O (l)

Question 4

Weak Acid and Weak Base

Answer 4

None will ionize
- exchange only between the two, simple displacement reaction

HA (aq) + B(aq) –> A (aq) + HB(aq)

Question 5

What causes a gas forming reaction?

Answer 5

When an Acid reacts with a metal

or when a strong base reacts with a salt

Question 6

Metal Carbonate + Acid

Answer 6

Gas Forming Reaction
CO3,2-
carbonate + Acid –> metal salt + gas + water

CaCO3(S) + HA –> CA2 + H2CO3
- H2CO3 –> CO3 can react and it will release CO2

CaCO3(s) + HA –> CA2 + CO2 + H2O

Question 7

Metal Sulfide + Acid

Answer 7

Gas Forming Reaction
- displacement simple reaction
- will leave with a metal salt and a gas

Na2S (s) + 2HCl (aq) –> 2NACl (s) + H2S(g)

Question 8

Metal Sulfite + Acid

Answer 8

Gas Forming Reaction
Metal Sulfite + Acid –> metal salt + gas + water

Na2CO3(S) + HA –> CA2 + H2SO3
- H2SO3 –> SO2 can react and it will release SO2

• Na2SO3 (s) + HCl(aq) –> NaCl + H2O (l) + SO2(g)

Question 9

Ammonium Salt + Strong Base

Answer 9

Metal Salt + NH3(gas) + H2O (l)

• Ammounium salt is a strong acid
• Base and Acid strong will make H2O
• Left is a metal salt and the base NH3 which is weak

Question 10

Oxidization

Answer 10

The LOSING of electrons

Question 11

Reduction

Answer 11

The ADDITION of electrons

Question 12

Reducing Agent

Answer 12

The other molecule which recieves the electrons lost

–> what gets oxidized

Question 13

Oxidizing Agent

Answer 13

The other molecules which give the electrons that will be added to the other element

–> what gets reduced

Question 14

Oxidation charges

Answer 14

equal to the added of all elements in the compound

Question 15

Oxidation charges of most elements

Answer 15

Equal to the charge it would be if it would turn into an ion

Question 16

Noble Gases Oxidation Number

Answer 16

0

Question 17

Oxygen Oxidation Number

Answer 17

2-

Question 18

In Peroxide Ions (O2,2−) Oxygen Charge

Answer 18

-1

Question 19

Halogen Oxidation Number?

Halogen Exception?

Answer 19

Usually -1

Halogen + Oxygen or Flourine
oxidation number of

Cl, Br, and I is not −1 –> matches the O or F oxidation number

Question 20

Hydrogen Oxidation Number

Nonmetals
vs Metas

Answer 20

Non metals = +1
Metals = -1

Question 21

Oxidation number of compounds

Answer 21

the sum of all of the element oxidation numbers

Question 22

Molarity is equal to what

Answer 22

solute moles/solution volume in Liters