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SEM 1 > Histology - Midterm > Flashcards

Histology - Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest unit of organization in the body

A

The cell

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2
Q

Each cell has a

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Inclusions

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3
Q

Cells grouped together with similar characteristics of form and function

A

Tissue

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4
Q

Various tissue types are bonded together to form a

A

Organ

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5
Q

Organs that function together form a

A

System

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6
Q

An active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment.

A

Exocytosis

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7
Q

The uptake of materials from the extracellular environment into the cell

A

Endocytosis

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8
Q

Endocytosis can take place as a _______ of the cell membrane, or can also take the form of _________

A

Invagination or phagocytosis

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9
Q

Engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material

A

Phagocytosis

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10
Q

_______ surrounds the cell

A

Cell membrane

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11
Q

Tough and resourceful gatekeeper for the cell’s interior

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

The usual cell membrane is in intricate bilayer, consisting mostly of _________ & _______

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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13
Q

________ serve mostly as a difussion regulator

A

Phospholipids

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14
Q

The _______ of the cell membrane serves as structural reinforcements as well as receptors for specific hormones, neurotransmitters, and antibodies.

A

Proteins

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15
Q

The ______ includes the semifluid part contained within the cell membrane boundary as well as the skeletal system of support or cytoskeleton

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Spaces or cavities within the cytoplasm

A

Vacuoles

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17
Q

Metabolically active specialized structures within the cell

A

Organelles

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18
Q

_______ allow each cell to function according to its genetic code.

A

Organelles

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19
Q

What are the 7 major organelles of the cell

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Endoplasmic reticulum
  5. Golgi apparatus
  6. Lysosomes
  7. Cytoskeleton
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20
Q

The largest, most dense, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell when it is examined microscopically.

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

A nucleus is found in all cells of the body except _________.

A

Mature red blood cells

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22
Q

Most cells in the body are

A) multinucleated
B) binucleated

A

B) binucleated

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23
Q

The main nucleic acid in the nucleous is ______ in the form of ________.

A

DNA in the form of Chromatin

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24
Q

_______ is a complex of DNA & protein

A

Chromatin

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25
Q

In an actively dividing cell, the chromatin condenses into a visible and discrete rod like ______.

A

Chromosomes

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26
Q

Each chromosome has a _____, a clear constricted area near the middle.

A

Centromere

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27
Q

Chromosomes become two filamentous or threadlike ________ as daughter chromosomes joined by a centromere during cell division

A

Chromatid

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28
Q

Command center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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29
Q

The nucleus is surrounded by the ________ a membrane similar to the cell membrane, except that it is double layered.

A

Nuclear envelope

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30
Q

Contained in the nucleus is the

A

Nucleolus

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31
Q

The nucleolus mostly produces

A

rRNA

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32
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA

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33
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA

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34
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA

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35
Q

Without a ______, no protein synthetic activity would occur within the cell.

A

Nucleolus

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36
Q

______ are the most numerous organelles of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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37
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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38
Q

_______ is a major source of ATP

A

Mitochondria

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39
Q

Most of the cell’s energy comes from the ______

A

Mitochondria

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40
Q

Stage in the life cycle when a cell grows
and forms new organelles

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

A

Interphase

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41
Q

______ consists of 3 phases : G1, S, & G2

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

A

Interphase

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42
Q

Continuous process during which the nuclear parts of a cell are divided into two equal daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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43
Q

Nuclear membrane and
nucleolus disappear.

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

A

Prophase

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44
Q

Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

A

Metaphase

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45
Q

Centromeres split, and each chromosome
separates into 2 chromatids.
Chromatids migrate to opposite poles by the
mitotic spindle

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

A

Anaphase

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46
Q

Division into 2 daughter cells.
Nucleoli appear. Microtubules disappear

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

A

Telophase

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47
Q

Process by which all cytoplasmic components of the cell are divided into two identical daughter cells following mitosis.

A

Cytokinesis/ cytoplasmic division

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48
Q

_______ is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

A

Differentiation

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49
Q

Life cycle of a cell

A
  1. Interphase (DNA replication)
  2. Mitosis (Cell Division)
  3. Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division)
  4. Differentiation
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50
Q

Tiny sphere shaped organelles in the cell

A

Ribosomes

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51
Q

Protein factories

A

Ribosomes

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52
Q

Primary function:
modification, storage, segregation, and transport of proteins that the cell manufactures.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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53
Q

________ consists of parallel membrane-bound channels.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

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54
Q

Highway system of the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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55
Q

Contains ribosomes on its outer surface

A

Rough ER

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56
Q

Particles composed of protein and RNA, which synthesizes protein

A

Ribosomes

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57
Q

No ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

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58
Q

This organelle contains enzymes involved in manufacturing various lipid molecules and steroid hormones

A

Smooth ER

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59
Q

“Chemical processing and packaging center”

A

Golgi apparatus

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60
Q

The second largest organelle

A

Golgi apparatus

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61
Q

Function: sorts, condenses, packages, and delivers proteins from the RER.

A

Golgi apparatus

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62
Q

Attached to the cell’s membrane and release its contents by exocytosis

A

Golgi apparatus

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63
Q

“Powerhouse” of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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64
Q

The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to increase in surface area forming _____.

A

cristae

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65
Q

Most numerous organelle in the cell

A

Mitochondria

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66
Q

Releases energy from food molecules and transforms energy into ATP

A

Mitochondria

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67
Q

The golgi apparatus not only prepares proteins for export by exocytosis but also produces a second organelle ___________

A

Lysozome

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68
Q

Organelles produced by the golgi apparatus and extracellular digestion by the cell

A

Lysosomes

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69
Q

“Sewer system” of the cell

A

Lysosomes

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70
Q

Membranous sacks produced by the Golgi
Apparatus.

A

Lysosomes

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71
Q

Contains hydrolytic (hyaluronidase) and
digestive enzymes capable of digesting substances that enter cells.

A

Lysosomes

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72
Q

The ___________ compartmentalizes
(sorts out) the cytoplasm, creating preferred
“freeways” for the movement of molecules
formed by cellular processes.

A

Cytoskeleton

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73
Q

Components of the _______ give basic stability to the cell as a whole, functioning like reinforced girders.

A

Cytoskeleton

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74
Q

3 components of the cytoskeleton

A

–microfilaments
–intermediate filaments
–microtubules

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75
Q

Delicate, threadlike, microscopic structures of
specialized protein, arranged in meshwork of bundles.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Microfilaments

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76
Q

Cause various kinds of cellular movements

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Microfilaments

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77
Q

Responsible for cell motility

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Microfilaments

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78
Q

Long slender tubes with diameters 2 or 3 times greater than microfilaments.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Microtubules

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79
Q

maintain the shape of the cell.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Microtubules

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80
Q

Provides strength to the structure of:
– cilia (shorter, many)
– flagella (longer, few)
– centrioles
– mitotic spindle

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Microtubules

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81
Q

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within the cell.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules

A

Intermediate filaments

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82
Q

important in intercellular junctions

A

Intermediate filaments - Tonofilaments

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83
Q

Metabolically inert substances that are transient over time in the cell.

A

Inclusions

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84
Q

Closes intercellular space between cells by
fusing cell membranes together

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junction

A

Tight junctions

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85
Q

Prevents the movement or loss of fluid.

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junction

A

Tight junctions

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86
Q

Form tubular channels between cells that allow substances to be exchanged

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions

A

Gap junctions

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87
Q

Bind cells together by creating “spot welds”
between adjacent membranes.

a) desmosomes
B) hemidesmosomes

A

Desmosomes

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88
Q

Attachment of cell to an adjacent
non-cellular surface.

a) desmosomes
B) hemidesmosomes

A

Hemidesmosomes

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89
Q

Used in attachment of epithelium to connective tissue

a) desmosomes
B) hemidesmosomes

A

Hemidesmosomes

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90
Q

Allows gingival tissue to adhere to the tooth surface by epithelial attachment.

a) desmosomes
B) hemidesmosomes

A

Hemidesmosomes

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91
Q

______ is the tissue that covers and lines external and internal body surfaces, including vessels & small cavities.

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) Muscle
D) Nerve

A

Epithelial

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92
Q

______ tissue serves as a protective covering as well as tissue absorption, secretion, sensory, and other specialized functions

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) Muscle
D) Nerve

A

Epithelial

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93
Q

Study of the microscopic structure
and function of tissues

A

Histology

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94
Q

Protects complex inner structures from:
- physical, chemical, and pathogenic attacks
- dehydration
- heat loss

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) Muscle
D) Nerve

A

Epithelial

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95
Q

T/F: Depending on individual classification, epithelial tissue can be derived from any of the three embryonic cell layers based on the location when developing.

A

True

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96
Q

Both the epithelium of the skin and that of the oral mucosa are of similar _________ origin.

A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm

A

Ectoderm

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97
Q

respiratory and digestive tract

A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm

A

Endoderm

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98
Q

urinary tract

A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm

A

Mesoderm

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99
Q

Cells packed closely together; surrounded by very little or no intercellular substance or tissue fluid.

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) Muscle
D) Nerve

A

Epithelial

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100
Q

Avascular; no blood supply of its own

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) Muscle
D) Nerve

A

Epithelial tissue

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101
Q

How does epithelium receive cellular nutrition

A

obtained by diffusion from the connective tissue

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102
Q

Epithelial cells are: tightly joined together by:

A

Desmosomes

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103
Q

Epithelial cells are: joined to basement
membrane by

A

Hemidesmosomes

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104
Q

Label 1

A

Connective tissue

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105
Q

Label 2

A

Basil lamina

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106
Q

Label 3

A

Hemidesmisome

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107
Q

Label 4

A

Epithelial cells

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108
Q

Label 5

A

Desmosome

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109
Q

Simple epithelium consists of a

A

Single layer of epithelium

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110
Q
A

Endothelium

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111
Q

This simple squamous epithelium lining of vessels and serous cavities (surround organs) is called

A

Endothelium

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112
Q
A

Simple squamous

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113
Q
A

Simple cuboidal

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114
Q
A

Simple columnar

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115
Q
A

Transitional relaxed

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116
Q
A

Transitional stretched

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117
Q
A

Stratified squamous

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118
Q
A

Pseudostratified

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119
Q

Cells are flat, arranged in one layer

A

Simple squamous

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120
Q

Be proud of yourself

A

It will all pay off.

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121
Q

These epithelial cells cover connective tissue & and perform a filtering function

A

Simple squamous

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122
Q

Lungs, inner & middle ear, blood and lymphatic vessels , heart & serous cavities are locations of what epithelium

A

Simple squamous

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123
Q

Contributes to secretion & protective covering of an organ

  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar: Ciliated or non-ciliated
  4. Pdeudostratified
A

Simple cuboidal

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124
Q

Cube-like cells; Nucleus is in the center
of the cell

  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar: Ciliated or non-ciliated
  4. Pdeudostratified
A

Simple cuboidal

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125
Q

These cells line the ducts of various glands, such as ducts of the salivary glands

  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar: Ciliated or non-ciliated
  4. Pdeudostratified
A

Simple cuboidal

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126
Q

Function:
protection, secretion/absorption due to
goblet cells

  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar: Ciliated or non-ciliated
  4. Pdeudostratified
A

Simple columnar

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127
Q

T/F: Simple columnar epithelium may be ciliated

A

True

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128
Q

The following are locations of what type of epithelium

  • Stomach
  • Large/small intestine
  • Lining of cervical canal
  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar: Ciliated
  4. Simple Columnar: non-ciliated
  5. Pdeudostratified
A

Simple columnar: non-ciliated

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129
Q

The following are locations of what type of epithelium
- uterus
- fallopian tubes
- ductus deferens (male reproductive)
- small intra-pulmonary bronchi (lungs)

  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar: Ciliated
  4. Simple Columnar: non-ciliated
  5. Pdeudostratified
A

Simple columnar: Ciliated

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130
Q

Crowded columnar cells; Nuclei are at different levels.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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131
Q

This epithelium moistens, warms, and cleans lining membranes.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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132
Q

T/F: Pseudostratified columnar
epithelium may be ciliated or non-ciliated

A

True

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133
Q

The following are locations of what type of epithelium
-Upper respiratory tract including
nasal cavity and paranasal
sinuses

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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134
Q

Many layers of cells on an irregular
basal layer with no layer of keratin.

A

Stratified squamous NON-keratinized epithelium

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135
Q

7 Locations of Stratified squamous NON-keratinized epithelium

A
  1. Buccal and alveolar mucosa
  2. Ventral of tongue
  3. Soft palate
  4. Floor of the mouth
  5. Sulcular epithelium
  6. Esophagus
  7. Cornea
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136
Q

This type of epithelium is located on dry or wet surfaces.Has a keratin layer for protection

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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137
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium is composed of what 5 layers

(bae said grandma loved cuddling)

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
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138
Q

6 Locations of Stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium

A
  1. Skin
  2. Free gingiva (outside only)
  3. Attached gingiva
  4. Hard palate
  5. Dorsal side of tongue
  6. Lips
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139
Q

Label 1

A

Hypodermis

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140
Q

Label 2

A

Dermis

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141
Q

Label 3

A

Epidermis

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142
Q

Label 4

A

Stratum corneum

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143
Q

Label 5

A

Stratum granulosum

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144
Q

Label 6

A

Stratum sponosum

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145
Q

Label 7

A

Stratum basale

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146
Q

Shape of the surface cells changes depending on the degree of stretch in this epithelium

A

Transitional epithelium

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147
Q

Cells are soft, pliable, and loosely arranged in this epithelium

A

Transitional epithelium

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148
Q

Location of transitional epithelium

A

Urinary bladder

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149
Q

Thin, acellular structure.
Located between the epithelium and connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

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150
Q

T/F: Transitional epithelium ranges between stratified squamous
non-keratinized and stratified columnar epithelium

A

True

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151
Q

What 3 layers make up the basement membrane?

A
  1. Lamina lucida
  2. Lamina densa
  3. Reticular lamina
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152
Q

What 2 layers make up the basal lamina

A
  1. Lamina lucida
  2. Lamina densa
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153
Q

Label a

A

Tonofilaments

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154
Q

Label b

A

Hemidesmosome

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155
Q

Label c

A

Lamina lucida

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156
Q

Label d

A

Lamina densa

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157
Q

Label e

A

Basement membrane

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158
Q

Label f

A

Basal lamina

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159
Q

Label g

A

Reticular lamina

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160
Q

Label h

A

Connective tissue

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161
Q

Label i

A

Epithelium

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162
Q

3 Major cells of connective tissue

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages (monocytes)
  3. Mast cells (basophils)
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163
Q

Function as phagocytes & important in fighting infections

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages (monocytes)
  3. Mast cells (basophils)
A

Macrophages (monocytes)

164
Q

Most common cell in all connective tissue

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages (monocytes)
  3. Mast cells (basophils)
A

Fibroblasts

165
Q

Synthesize certain types of protein fibres & intercellular substances needed to sustain the connective tissue

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages (monocytes)
  3. Mast cells (basophils)
A

Fibroblasts

166
Q

T/F: Fibroblasts are fixed cells and do not leave tissue

A

True

167
Q

Involved in allergic responses; may release heparin & histamines

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages (monocytes)
  3. Mast cells (basophils)
A

Mast cells ( basophils)

168
Q

Most common WBC

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages (monocytes)
  3. Mast cells (basophils)
A

Macrophages (monocytes)

169
Q

This tissue serves many functions depending on the type;

connects, supports, protects, provides
frameworks, fills spaces, stores fat,
produces blood cells, provides
protection against infection and helps
repair tissues

A

Connective tissue

170
Q

Cells are some distance apart and have lots of matrix between them

a) Epithelial tissue
b) Connective tissue

A

Connective tissue

171
Q

Composed of collagen and have great
tensile strength; bind parts together

  1. Collagenous fibers
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Reticular fibers
A

Collagenous

172
Q

3 types of connective tissue fibers

A
  1. Collagenous fibers
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Reticular fibers
173
Q

Composed of microfilaments embedded in protein elastin.
This tissue has the ability to stretch and return to its original shape.

  1. Collagenous fibers
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Reticular fibers
A

Elastic fibers

174
Q

Delicate network of interwoven reticular
fibres forming a supportive framework

  1. Collagenous fibers
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Reticular fibers
A

Reticular fibers

175
Q

Forms thin membranes between organs and binds them together.
Serves as protective padding for the deeper structures of the body

  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • FIBOROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE
  • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • CARTILAGE
  • BONE
  • HEMOPOETIC TISSUE
A

Loose connective tissue

176
Q

Location: beneath the skin (dermis) and between muscles.

  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • FIBOROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE
A

loose connective tissue

177
Q

Stores fat. Protective cushion and heat
insulator. Cells packed tightly together

  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • FIBOROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE
  • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • CARTILAGE
  • BONE
  • HEMOPOETIC TISSUE
A

Adipose tissue

178
Q

Location:
‒ beneath the skin
‒ abdominal membranes
‒ oral cavity
‒ around the kidneys
‒ heart
‒ various joints

  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • FIBOROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE
  • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • CARTILAGE
  • BONE
  • HEMOPOETIC TISSUE
A

Adipose tissue

179
Q

Location:
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Eyes
- Skin

  1. Fiberous CT
  2. Elastic CT
  3. Reticular CT
A

Fiberous CT

180
Q

Location:
-Walls of some hollow internal organs
- Vocal cords

  1. Fiberous CT
  2. Elastic CT
  3. Reticular CT
A

Elastic

181
Q

Location:
- Blood vessels
- Liver
- Spleen
- Lymphatic organs

  1. Fiberous CT
  2. Elastic CT
  3. Reticular CT
A

Reticular CT

182
Q

Provides support/framework, decreases friction.
Intercellular materials are composed collagen fibers and intercellular substance.
Lacks direct blood supply, slow to heal.

  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • FIBOROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE
  • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • CARTILAGE
  • BONE
  • HEMOPOETIC TISSUE
A

Cartialge

183
Q

The connective tissue surrounding most cartilage is the _________, a fibrous connective tissue sheath containing blood vessels.

A

perichondrium

184
Q

2 Types of cells found in Cartilage:

A
  1. Chondroblasts
  2. Chondrocytes
185
Q

produce cartilage matrix, lie internal to
the perichondrium.

  1. Chondroblasts
  2. Chondrocytes
A

Chondroblasts

186
Q

Maintain the cartilage matrix

  1. Chondroblasts
  2. Chondrocytes
A

Chondrocytes

187
Q

small spaces surround the chondrocyte within matrix

A

Lacuna

188
Q

3 main types of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibercarilage
189
Q

T/F: Chondrocytes are mature chondroblasts

A

True

190
Q

T/F: All cartilage begins as hyaline cartilage then modifies into other types as needed.

A

True

191
Q

embryonic skeleton and growth centers,
mandibular condyle -
nose , ear

  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibercarilage
A

Hyaline

192
Q

Rigid connective tissue.
Intercellular matrix contains mineral salts and collagen.
Produces blood cells and stores
calcium/other minerals.

  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • FIBOROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE
  • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • CARTILAGE
  • BONE
  • HEMOPOETIC TISSUE
A

Bone

193
Q

4 types of bone cells

A
  1. Osteogenic
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
194
Q

Stem cells of bone

  1. Osteogenic
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
A

Osteogenic cells

195
Q

Bone building cells

  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
A

Osteoblasts

196
Q

Bone maintaining cells trapped in the bone matrix

  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
A

Osteocytes

197
Q

Bone crushing /resorbing cells

  1. Osteogenic
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
A

Osteoclasts

198
Q

Label a

A

Osteiod

199
Q

Label b

A

Periosteum

200
Q

Label c

A

Osteoblasts

201
Q

Label d

A

Newly mineralized bone

202
Q

Label e

A

Octeocyte in its lacuna

203
Q

Label f

A

Cancaliculi

204
Q

Label g

A

Lamella

205
Q

Label h

A

Haversain Canal

206
Q

T/F: Bone tissue heals rapidly, highly vascularized

A

True

207
Q

The unit of structure in compact bone
and consists of 5 to 20 lamellae

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Osteon

208
Q

Central vascular canal within each
osteon surrounded by the lamellae

  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
A

Harversain canal

209
Q

Runs longitudinally and that contains
nerves and blood vessels.

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
A

Harversain canal

210
Q

Provides nutrition to the bone

  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Periosteum
A

Harversain canal

211
Q

runs obliquely or at right angles to the
Haversian canals of the osteons and
large blood vessels

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Volkmann canal

212
Q

Organized arrangement of concentric
sheets (like the growth rings in a cross
section of a tree)

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Lamella

213
Q

Spaces between lamellae (sheets) where osteocytes are imbedded

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Lacuna

214
Q

Tubular canals radiating from the lacuna into the lamella where cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes are located.

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Canaliculi

215
Q

Serve to anchor periosteum firmly to bone

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Sharpeys fibers

216
Q

Double layered, dense connective tissue sheath, outer layer contains blood vessels and nerves and inner layer
contains single layer of osteoblasts (bone growth)

  • Osteon
  • Harversian canal
  • Volkmann canal
  • Lamella
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
  • Sharpey’s fibers
  • Periosteum
A

Periosteum

217
Q

Ossification

A

Development of bone

218
Q

Formation of osteoid (young, unmineralized bone) within 2 dense connective tissue sheets, which eventually replaces the outer connective tissue. Uses appositional growth (layers).

1) INTRAMEMBRANOUS
2) ENDOCHONDRAL

A

1) INTRAMEMBRANOUS

219
Q

Formation of osteoid within a hyaline cartilage. Uses interstitial growth from pre-existing cartilaginous model, later appositional growth of osteoid occurs to complete the process.

1) INTRAMEMBRANOUS
2) ENDOCHONDRAL

A

2) ENDOCHONDRAL

220
Q

Occurs in fontanelles (soft infant skull spots), maxilla, majority of the mandible

1) INTRAMEMBRANOUS
2) ENDOCHONDRAL

A

1) INTRAMEMBRANOUS

221
Q

Occurs in long bones (it is how we grow taller), vertebrae, ribs, head of mandible, base of skull

1) INTRAMEMBRANOUS
2) ENDOCHONDRAL

A

2) ENDOCHONDRAL

222
Q

Hema/o =

A

Blood

223
Q

Red and white blood cells in plasma –
where are they made?

A

Bone marrow

224
Q

Biconcave disc, no nucleus, 1/3 is hemoglobin. Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

RBC

225
Q

no nucleus, disc shaped.Helps control blood loss from broken vessels by functioning in clotting mechanism.

a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

Platelets

226
Q

You got this.

A

Keep going

227
Q

T/F: WHITE BLOOD CELL (LEUKOCYTE) - have a nucleus

A

True

228
Q

destroys small particles by phagocytosis, 1st to arrive to the site of injury, acute, inflammatory response is triggered, especially with phagocytosis.

a) Neutrophil (PMNs)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes
e) Mast cells

A

Neutrophils

229
Q

kills bacteria and helps control inflammation and allergic reactions

a) Neutrophil (PMNs)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes
e) Mast cells

A

Eosinophils

230
Q

helps control inflammation and allergic reactions.

a) Neutrophil (PMNs)
b) Eosinophil
c) Mast cells (Basophil)
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes

A

Basophils

231
Q

contains lysosomal enzymes involved in destroying particles by phagocytosis, later stages of inflammation.

a) Neutrophil (PMNs)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes
e) Mast cells

A

Monocytes

232
Q

mechanism of immunity, chronic. B cells, T cells and NK cells (natural killers)

a) Neutrophil (PMNs)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes
e) Mast cells

A

Lymphocytes

233
Q

allergic response, contains heparin and histamine

a) Neutrophil (PMNs)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes
e) Mast cells

A

Mast cells

234
Q

Found in the brain, spinal cord and
peripheral nerves.

  1. Connective tissue
  2. Epithelial tissue
  3. Nerve tissue
  4. Muscle tissue
A

Nerve tissue

235
Q

Processes that lead
impulses to the cell body.

  1. Dendrite
  2. Axon
  3. Body
A

Dendrite

236
Q

Process that leads impulses away from the cell body.

  1. Dendrite
  2. Axon
  3. Body
A

Axon

237
Q

Metabolic activity of the cell, no
impulse transmission

  1. Dendrite
  2. Axon
  3. Body
A

Body

238
Q

Neural processes in the peripheral nervous system

  1. Nerve
  2. Synapse
  3. Ganglion
A

Nerve

239
Q

Neural impulses between 2 neurons or a neuron and an effector organ (muscle or a gland).

  1. Nerve
  2. Synapse
  3. Ganglion
A

Synapse

240
Q

Aggregation (grouping) of
neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

  1. Nerve
  2. Synapse
  3. Ganglion
A

Ganglion

241
Q

Cell of the nervous system; They function in coordinating and regulating
body activities

A

Neuron

242
Q

(SENSORY) NERVE:
Carries information from the PNS to the CNS (like pain and taste)

a) Afferent
b) Efferent

A

Afferent

243
Q

(MOTOR) NERVE (AUTONOMIC):
Carries information from the CNS to the PNS

a) Afferent
b) Efferent

A

Efferent

244
Q

A structure that produces a secretion to regulate body’s normal functioning

A

Gland

245
Q

A gland with a duct that releases secretions, such as sweat or saliva directly to target areas.

a) Endocrine
b) Exocrine

A

Exocrine

246
Q

A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.

a) Endocrine
b) Exocrine

A

Endocrine

247
Q

Largest endocrine gland, very
vascular

A

Thyroid gland

248
Q

The thyroid gland consists of 2 large lobes connected by an ______ in the
middle

A

isthmus

249
Q

Secretes hormones (thyroxine)
that control and regulate
metabolism and growth

A

Thyroid gland

250
Q

Where is the thyroid located?

A

Located below the larynx on
either side and in front of the
trachea.

251
Q

thyroxine

A

Control and regulate
metabolism and growth

252
Q

T/F: The thyroid gland is visible during an extraoral exam.

A

False. It is not visible

253
Q

connective tissue that surrounds the thyroid

a) Capsule
b) Septum
c) Lobules
d) Follicles
e) Colloid

A

Capsule

254
Q

separates the gland into larger
lobes and smaller lobules.

a) Capsule
b) Septum
c) Lobules
d) Follicles
e) Colloid

A

Septum

255
Q

composed of follicles; irregularly shaped sphere-like masses that are embedded in a meshwork of reticular fibres

a) Capsule
b) Septum
c) Lobules
d) Follicles
e) Colloid

A

Lobules

256
Q

a cavity filled with colloid, layered with
simple cuboidal epithelium

a) Capsule
b) Septum
c) Lobules
d) Follicles
e) Colloid

A

Follicles

257
Q

a stiff material reserved for the future
production of thyroxin

a) Capsule
b) Septum
c) Lobules
d) Follicles
e) Colloid

A

Colloid

258
Q

Label a

  • Capsule
  • Septum
  • Follicles
  • Colloid
  • thyroid epithelium
A

Thyroid epithelium

259
Q

Label b

  • Capsule
  • Septum
  • Lobules
  • Follicles
  • Colloid
A

Colloid

260
Q

Label c

  • Capsule
  • Septum
  • Lobules
  • Follicles
  • Colloid
A

Capsule

261
Q

Label d

  • Capsule
  • Septum
  • Lobules
  • Follicles
  • Colloid
A

Follicle

262
Q

Label e

  • Capsule
  • Septum
  • Lobules
  • Follicles
  • Colloid
A

Septum

263
Q

Exophthalmos & goiter are:

A

Thyroid disorders

264
Q

Consist of 4 to 8 small endocrine glands, two on each side, close to the thyroid gland or even inside it on its posterior surface and are not visible or palpable during an extra oral examination

A

Parathyroid gland

265
Q

Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels =

a) Endocrine
b) Exocrine

A

Endocrine

266
Q
A

Parathyroid glands

267
Q

Label a

A

Ithmus

268
Q

Label b

A

Right lobe of thyroid gland

269
Q

Label c

A

Left lobe of thyroid gland

270
Q

This system is a part of the immune system, which helps defend the body against disease.

A

Lympatic system

271
Q

This system transports excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lympatic system

272
Q

WHAT IS IT?
Tissue fluid that drains from
surrounding region into lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

273
Q

WHATS ITS FUNCTION
_________ transports foreign particles to the lymph nodes and returns protein molecules into the bloodstream

A

Lymph

274
Q

microscopic close-ended tubes that
extend into interstitial space, receive
lymph through their walls.

A

Lymphatic capillaries

275
Q

The lymphatic system is closely related to the cardiovascular system - Why?

A

Transports excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream

276
Q

have walls similar to veins
(endothelium), and valves to prevent
backflow of lymph (one-way valves).

A

Lymphatic vessles

277
Q

lymphatic trunks drain lymph from
large body regions and lead to two
collecting ducts in the thorax.
The collecting ducts join the subclavian
veins.

A

Lymphatic trunks & collecting ducts

278
Q

WHAT ARE THEY
Bean-shaped bodies grouped in clusters along the lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph nodes

279
Q

these cells filter toxic products from the lymph to prevent entry into the
vascular system

A

Lymph nodes

280
Q

Label a

A

Lymph flow

281
Q

Label b

A

Afferent lymphatic vessel

282
Q

Label c

A

Nodule

283
Q

Label d

A

Efferent lymphatic vessel

284
Q

Label e

A

Hilum /Hilus

285
Q

Label f

A

Capsule

286
Q

Lymph flows into the lymph nodes
through ________

a) afferent vessels
b) efferent vessels

A

Afferent vessels

287
Q

Lymph flows out of the lymph node
through _________

a) afferent vessels
b) efferent vessels

A

efferent vessels

288
Q

Lymph flows out of the lymph node
through efferent vessels where a
small depression, called the _______, is
present

A

Hilum/hilus

289
Q

a -
extensions of connective tissue from the capsule into the node that divide the node into nodules or follicles

A

Trabeculae

290
Q

b-
the middle of each nodule where masses of immature lymphocytes mature into B-cells and aid in the production of plasma cells

A

Germinal center

291
Q

c-
a band of connective tissue surrounding the node

A

Capsule

292
Q

Each node is composed of
__________ & __________ which actively filter toxic products from the lymph

A

lymphocytes and macrophages

293
Q

They occur in groups or chains along the paths of larger lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymph nodes

294
Q

Where are 3 places you can mainly find lymph nodes

A
  1. Neck
  2. Armpit
  3. Groin
295
Q

Label a

  1. PALATINE TONSILS
  2. LINGUAL TONSILS
  3. PHARYGEAL TONSILS
A

Pharygeal tonsils

296
Q

Label b

  1. PALATINE TONSILS
  2. LINGUAL TONSILS
  3. PHARYGEAL TONSILS
A

Palatine tonsils

297
Q

Label c

  1. PALATINE TONSILS
  2. LINGUAL TONSILS
  3. PHARYGEAL TONSILS
A

Lingual tonsils

298
Q

Between anterior and posterior faucial
pillars.
Fused together lymphatic nodules.
Has tonsillar crypts

  1. PALATINE TONSILS
  2. LINGUAL TONSILS
  3. PHARYGEAL TONSILS
A

Palatine tonsils

299
Q

Located on the base of the dorsal
tongue, behind circumvallate papillae

  1. PALATINE TONSILS
  2. LINGUAL TONSILS
  3. PHARYGEAL TONSILS
A

Lingual tonsils

300
Q

Behind uvula, on the superior and
posterior walls of the nasopharynx
forming Waldeyerʼs ring

  1. PALATINE TONSILS
  2. LINGUAL TONSILS
  3. PHARYGEAL TONSILS
A

Pharygeal tonsils

301
Q

incomplete ring of tissue called

A

Waldeyer’s ring

302
Q

If pharygeal tonsils become enlarged
(usually in children), they
are referred to as

A

adenoids

303
Q

What part of the NASAL CAVITY is made up of bone and cartilage.

A

Nasal septum

304
Q

NASAL CAVITY
3 bony structures that project inward

A

Conchae

305
Q

The nasal cavity is lined by
_____________________
epithelium aka RESPIRATORY
MUCOSA - this epithelium has goblet cells –why?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar
To secrete mucin

306
Q

NASAL CAVITY
secrete mucin to moisten and humidify the nasal cavity and trap foreign materials.

A

Goblet cells

307
Q

NASAL CAVITY
trap and move foreign materials to either be swallowed or expelled.

A

Cilia

308
Q

NASAL CAVITY
is very vascular and warms the air we breath

A

Lamina propria

309
Q

______ mucosa is a specialized area that caries receptors for the sense of smell.

A

Olfactory mucosa

310
Q

covers each of the conchae and is responsible for great engorgement (fills with blood) of one of the openings
every 30 - 60 mins to allow the tissue to recover from dryness caused by breathing.

A

Erectile tissue

311
Q

4 types of paranasal sinuses

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
312
Q

Label a

  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
A

Frontal

313
Q

Label b

  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
A

Ethmoidal

314
Q

Label c

  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
A

Sphenoidal

315
Q

Label d

  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
A

Maxillary

316
Q

Function: lighten the scull bones, add resonance to the voice, moisten the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

317
Q

Secretions are emptied directly into location where it is being used via a duct

a) endocrine
b) exocrine

A

Exocrine

318
Q

Exocrine glands are classified into 4 characteristics

A
  1. Duct system
  2. Shape of secretory unit
  3. Mode of secretion
  4. Nature of secretion
319
Q

one duct which does not branch

a) simple
b) compound

A

Simple

320
Q

branching of a duct where the secretory
unit empties into small ducts and
these join to form larger ones

a) simple
b) compound

A

compound

321
Q

a-

Simple or Compound

A

simple

322
Q

b-

a) simple
b) compound

A

compound

323
Q

secrete product through free
surface, no loss of cytoplasm/cell
(through exocytosis).

a) Merocrine
b) Apocrine
c) Holocrine

A

Merocrine

324
Q

secrete small amounts of cytoplasm/cell with secretory product

a) Merocrine
b) Apocrine
c) Holocrine

A

Apocrine

325
Q

entire cells are discharged as secretion:

a) Merocrine
b) Apocrine
c) Holocrine

A

Holocrine

326
Q

a) Merocrine
b) Apocrine
c) Holocrine

A

Apocrine

327
Q

a) Merocrine
b) Apocrine
c) Holocrine

A

Merocrine

328
Q

a) Merocrine
b) Apocrine
c) Holocrine

A

Holocrine

329
Q

clear, watery with protein.
contains digestive enzyme amylase
(carbohydrates digestion)

A) Serous
B) Mucous
C) Mixed

A

Serous

330
Q

cloudy, mucin (glycoproteins) with water.

A) Serous
B) Mucous
C) Mixed

A

Mucous

331
Q

Label a

  1. Capsule
  2. Lobes
  3. Lobules
  4. Septa
  5. Duct system
  6. Acini
A

Capsule

332
Q

Label b

  1. Capsule
  2. Lobes
  3. Lobules
  4. Septa
  5. Duct system
  6. Acini
A

Lobes

333
Q

Label c

  1. Capsule
  2. Lobes
  3. Lobules
  4. Septa
  5. Duct system
  6. Acini
A

Lobules

334
Q

Label d

  1. Capsule
  2. Lobes
  3. Lobules
  4. Septa
  5. Duct system
  6. Acini
A

Septa

335
Q

Label e

  1. Capsule
  2. Lobes
  3. Lobules
  4. Septa
  5. Duct system
  6. Acini
A

Acini

336
Q

Label f

  1. Capsule
  2. Lobes
  3. Lobules
  4. Septa
  5. Duct system
  6. Acini
A

Duct system

337
Q

a
INTERCALATED DUCTS
STRIATED DUCTS
EXCRETORY/SECRETORY DUCTS

A

Intercalated ducts

338
Q

b
INTERCALATED DUCTS
STRIATED DUCTS
EXCRETORY/SECRETORY DUCTS

A

Striated ducts

339
Q

c
INTERCALATED DUCTS
STRIATED DUCTS
EXCRETORY/SECRETORY DUCTS

A

Excretory duct

340
Q

attached to acinus
lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
passageway for saliva

INTERCALATED DUCTS
STRIATED DUCTS
EXCRETORY/SECRETORY DUCTS

A

Intercalated ducts

341
Q

connected to intercalated ducts
lined with simple columnar epithelium
cells may have basal striations (mitochondria)
serve as passageway for saliva
cells resorb and excrete electrolytes

INTERCALATED DUCTS
STRIATED DUCTS
EXCRETORY/SECRETORY DUCTS

A

Striated ducts

342
Q

serves as passageway for saliva starts as pseudostratified columnar epithelium changes to stratified cuboidal and ends as stratified squamous epithelium in oral cavity

INTERCALATED DUCTS
STRIATED DUCTS
EXCRETORY/SECRETORY DUCTS

A

Excretory ducts

343
Q

________ glands carry their secretion by a main duct
and secrete approximately 90% of the
saliva.

a) major
b) minor

A

Major

344
Q

Major salivary glands

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual

345
Q

Minor salivary glands

A

Labial, buccal, palatine, lingual, von Ebner’s

346
Q

______ glands empty their products by short ducts

a) major
b) minor

A

Minor

347
Q

Major and minor salivary gland are both
composed of either serous or
mucous cells or a combination of both
called __________

A

serous demilunes

348
Q

T/F: The functional unit of the salivary gland is the alveolus or acinus

A

True

349
Q

A-

Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Paratid gland

A

Sublingual gland

350
Q

B

A

Paratid gland

351
Q

C-

Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Paratid gland

A

Submandibular

352
Q

Paratid gland = _____ duct

A

Stenson’s Duct

353
Q

Submandibular gland = _____ duct

A

Wharton’s Duct

354
Q

Sublingual gland = _____ duct

A

Bartholin’s Duct

355
Q

long intercalated ducts and short
striated

Stenson’s Duct
Wharton’s Duct
Bartholin’s Duct

A

Stensons duct

356
Q

short intercalated ducts and long
striated ducts

Stenson’s Duct
Wharton’s Duct
Bartholin’s Duct

A

Whartons duct

357
Q

MAINLY SEROUS ~25%

a) Submandibular gland
b) Sublingual gland
c) Paratid gland

A

Paratid gland

358
Q

MIXED SEROUS DEMILUNE
~60% - 65%

a) Submandibular gland
b) Sublingual gland
c) Paratid gland

A

Submandibular

359
Q

Mainly MUCOUS
~10%

a) Submandibular gland
b) Sublingual gland
c) Paratid gland

A

Sublingual

360
Q

Where are all the minor salivary glands?

A
  1. Labial of the Inner lips
  2. Buccal of the cheeks
  3. Palatine of hard and soft palate
  4. Lingual Von Ebner’s Salivary glands
361
Q

Where are Von Ebner’s Salivary glands

A

Posterior dorsum tongue
(circumvallate papillae)

362
Q

_____ mls of saliva produced daily

A

640

363
Q

Function for saliva is to :

A
  • Moistening
  • Digestion (by amylase)
  • Cleaning
  • Swallowing
  • Speech
  • Aids in remineralization by calcium
    and phosphorous content
  • Regulates pH (buffering ability)
364
Q

salivary stones, blocks salivary flow; can cause a ranula to form

A

Sialolith

365
Q
A

Ranula

366
Q

ectopic (misplaced) sebaceous glands

A

Fordyce Granules

367
Q

accumulation of saliva in mucosa due to trauma to minor salivary duct

A

Mucocele

368
Q

Dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

369
Q

Oral Mucosa is composed of what type of epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

370
Q

T/F: The basement membrane lies between the epithelium and lamina propria in the oral mucosa

A

True

371
Q

3 main types of oral mucosa

A

Lining
Masticatory
Specialized

372
Q

Lining Mucosa: _____________________ epithelium

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous

373
Q

Lining mucosa is found :

A
  1. floor of the mouth
  2. buccal, labial, alveolar mucousa
  3. ventral of tongue
  4. soft palate
374
Q

What is the difference between parakeratinized and orthokeratinized

A

Parakeratinized has a nuceli
Orthokertinized does not have a nucleus

375
Q

Masticatory mucosa is found :

A
  1. Attached gingiva
  2. Dorsal of the tongue
  3. Hard palate
376
Q

A thick muscular organ that
occupies the floor of the mouth and
fills the oral cavity

A

The tongue

377
Q

What is the tongue composed of

A

Body - skeletal muscle.
Root - anchored to the hyoid bone and is covered with lingual tonsils.

378
Q

What is the function of the lingual
papillae

A

Papillae provide friction for handling
food and contain taste buds

379
Q

What connects tongue to floor of the
mouth?

A

anchored to the hyoid bone

380
Q

A person’s whose lingual frenum is short

A

ankyloglossia

381
Q

4 types of papillae:

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
382
Q

Make up the majority. No taste buds.
They look like fine pointed cones

  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
A

Filiform

383
Q

Appear as reddish dots on the tongue.
Mushroom shaped.
Function in taste sensation.

  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
A

Fungiform

384
Q

4-11 vertical, parallel ridges.
Location: lateral posterior surface.
Function: taste sensation

  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
A

Foliate

385
Q

Location: along a v-shaped sulcus
between the body and the base of the
tongue. Function: Taste sensation
Has a surrounding groove where the
ducts and minor salivary glands are
located (Von Ebner’s glands)

  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
A

Circumvallate

386
Q

watery secretions wash the tongue so new tastes can be perceived

A

Von Ebner’s glands

387
Q

Microscopic barrel shaped bodies derived from epithelium, composed
of 30 to 80 spindle shaped cells.
Dissolved molecules of food contact the taste receptors at the taste
pore

A

Taste buds

388
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

Found in the oral epithelium, mainly the tongue but some on soft palate

389
Q

What are the 4 main tastes:

A
  • sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
390
Q
A

Linea alba

391
Q
A

Nicotine stomatitis

392
Q
A

Hyperkeratosis (frictional keratosis)

393
Q

What type of epithelium lines the blood & lymphatic vessels, heart & serous cavities.

A

Simple squamous

394
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ducts of various glands, such as the ducts of the salivary glands

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

395
Q

What type of epithelium lines the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

396
Q

Which epithelium does most of the body consist of

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

397
Q

What is the turnover time for oral mucosa

A

14 days

398
Q

What is the turnover time for skin

A

27 days

399
Q

Your great

A
400
Q

The connective tissue surrounding most cartilage is the

A

Perichondrium

401
Q

________ is a fiberous connective tissue sheath containing blood vessels

A

Perichondrium

402
Q

Lay internal to the perichondrium and produce cartilage matrix

A

Chondroblasts

403
Q

Maintain the cartilage matrix

A

Chondrocytes

404
Q

After the production of cartilage matrix, the chondrocyte becomes surrounded and enclosed by the matrix. Only a small space surrounds the chondrocyte within the cartilage matrix is called the _______

A

Lacuna

405
Q

Overgrowth of mostly interproximal gingiva

A

Gingival hyperplasia

SEM 1 (11 decks)

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