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Anatomy Exam 5 (Final) > Muscle Phys III > Flashcards

Muscle Phys III Flashcards

1
Q

what protects motor units against fatigue?

A

Asynchronys Fatigue

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1
Q

Why might you recruit all motor units at once?

A

power lifting

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2
Q

What are the three phases of a muscle twitch

A

latent, contraction, relaxation

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3
Q

period of muscle twitch before the contraction starts

A

Latent

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4
Q

period of muscle twitch where cross bridge cycling occurs and tension is developing

A

contraction

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5
Q

period of muscle twitch where the muscle begins to relax after a twitch

A

relaxation

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6
Q

the active process of generating a force within a muscle by cross bridge activity

A

contraction

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7
Q

the force exerted by muscle on an object

A

muscle tension

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8
Q

the weight or force exerted by an object on a muscle

A

load

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9
Q

muscle changes length BUT tension remains constant throughout

Holding a baby in a constant position

A

Isotonic Contraction

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10
Q

muscle shortens - doing work

A

concentric

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11
Q

muscle contracts as it lengthens

  • muscle being stretched by external force, resisting stretch
A

eccentric

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12
Q

tension develops at CONSTANT muscle LENGTH

  • occurs in muscles that act to remain posture, stabilize joints, etc. or when the load is more than tension

(A person trying to lift up a car– muscles are contracted, but length is not changing)

A

Isometric contraction

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13
Q

Sources of ATP production in muscle cells

A
  1. Creatine Phosphate (CP)
  2. Anaerobic Glycolysis Pathway
  3. Aerobic Pathway
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14
Q

A type of very fast ATP production

Problem: it is a 1:1 ratio, low product yield. Can be depleted very quickly (very short amount of time)

A

Creatine Phosphate (CP)

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15
Q

in order to produce muscle contractions you need ___

A

ATP

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16
Q

Why do people use creatine supplementation

A

increase creatine in muscle cells which then produces more Creatine phosphate, which yields more ATP

  • good for powerlifters and sprinters
  • Rate of ATP production is fast
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17
Q

What is the very fast ATP production that goes through glucose rapidly

A

Anaerobic Glycolysis

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18
Q

1 gulcose produces 2 ATP (low yield, but produces more than CP) what pathway is it?

A

Anaerobic Pathways

19
Q

glucose is derived from?

A

Glycogen

20
Q

fast contractions for a short amount of time.. what pathway?

A

Anaerobic Pathways

21
Q

does Anaerobic Pathways need oxygen?

A

No

22
Q

the pathway that is important in recovery

A

Aerobic pathway

23
Q

why does the Aerobic pathway need oxygen?

A

it is dependent on the cardiovascular and respiratory system

24
Q

Does Aerobic pathway have a high or low yield of ATP?

A

Very high! 1 glucose = 36 ATP BUT takes a long time

25
Q

occurs when exercising muscle can no longer respond to stimulation with same degree of contractile activity

A

muscle fatigue

26
Q

point in a graph where anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic metabolism cross

A

Anaerobic Threshold

27
Q

does creatine phosphate pathway need oxygen?

A

No

28
Q

the motion during the bicep curl when the load is raised in an arc towards the body is what type of contraction (shortening the muscle)

A

isotonic concentric

29
Q

After a dumbbell curl while lowering the dumbbell is the result of (muscle becoming long again)

A

eccentric contraction

30
Q

aiming a bow is a type of what contraction

A

isometric

31
Q

muscle has not shortened. sarcomeres shorten, generating force, but elastic elements stretch, allowing muscle length to remain the same

A

isometric contraction

32
Q

sarcomeres shorten more but, because elastic elements are already stretched, the muscle must shorten

A

isotonic contraction

33
Q

supplies about 10 seconds worth of energy and is used for short bursts of exercise, such as a 100-meter sprint

A

CP pathway

34
Q

for endurance you would use this type of ATP pathway

A

aerobic

35
Q

Adenosine inhibits supraspinal dopaminergic neurons

  • supraspinal dopinergic transmission is associated with increased arousal, motivation, spontaneous motor activity, and prolonged exercise time
A

central fatigue

36
Q

what are the 4 stages of cross-bridge cycling

A
  1. Crossbridge Formation (activated myosin head attaches to actin)
  2. Power stroke (ADP released, myosin head pivots, pulls z disc forward)
  3. myosin head release (detachment from actin)
  4. reactivation of myosin head (reset)

z lines move closer and closer to the m line

37
Q

each myosin head allows binding sites for two things: what are they?

A

Actin (top)
ATP (bottom)

38
Q

during the powerstroke phase of the crossbridge cycle what occurs?

A

ADP and Pi (phosphate group) are released. pulls the z disc closer to the m line

39
Q

ATP is binded to myosin head until what occurs?

A

until a new ATP molecule binds

40
Q

After death, our bodies can no longer replenish ATP reserves, which leads to .

ATP decreased but myosin heads increase. muscles get stiffer and stiffer. muscles running out of ATP

A

Rigor Mortis

41
Q

how does a myosin head allow weight lifting - generate enough tension ?

A

it depends on teamwork. Not a single myosin head does it.

Huge number of individual myosin heads undergo crossbridge cycling, which allows the ability to generate high tension force

42
Q

each thick filament pulls inward __ thin filaments

A

6 thin filaments

43
Q

importance of calcium in crossbridge cycling– what are the 2 important proteins?

A
  • tropomyosin (long protein)
  • Troponin (short)
44
Q

what protein covers all the myosin binding sites on actin

A

tropomyosin

45
Q

calcium binds to troponin molecules and changes the structure of tropomyosin. Myosin heads are now free and not covered and they now can perform what?

A

cross bridge

Anatomy Exam 5 (Final) (5 decks)

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