type 1 diabetes

Question 1

pathology behind the development of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

• caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin- producing b-cells of the islets of Langerhans
• genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a part in the onset of the disease, which usually occurs in childhood and young adulthood

Question 2

What hormones does the pancreas produce and which cells secrete them?

Answer 2

pancreas secretes :
* insulin - beta cells
* glucagon - alpha cells
* somatostatin - delta cells

Question 3

normal role of the insulin hormone in the body

Answer 3

• control of blood glucose levels and preventing hyperglycemia

Question 4

diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 4

• serious complication of diabetes
• high blood glucose
• presence of ketones
• metabolic acidosis
• deep breathing

Question 5

What do you think the cause of the sweet smelling breath in diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 5

• due to presence of ketones
• when body lacks sufficient insulin - resorts to breaking down fats for fuel - produces ketones as a byproduct

Question 6

Type 1 diabetics generally take 2 types of insulin. What are the different types and what is the difference between them?

Answer 6

• basal insulin - works steadily over an extended period, providing a baseline insulin level.
• bolus insulin - cts quickly to cover the rise in blood sugar after meals

Question 7

administration + regimens of insulin

Answer 7

administration - Injection, Insulin Pump
regimens -
* Basal-Bolus Therapy (Multiple Daily Injections - MDI)
* Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII)
* Insulin Pump Therapy
* Basal only regimens

Question 8

What can happen if too much insulin is given?

Answer 8

• result in an overdose
• may lead to severe hypos
• worst cases - disorientation, seizures and could even lead to death

Question 9

What are the glitazones used for and what is their mechanism of action?

Answer 9

• medications used primarily in the management of type 2 diabetes
• activating a specific receptor called the PPAR-gamma

Question 10

pathology of type 2 diabetes

Answer 10

Type 2 diabetes is mainly the result of two problems:
* Cells in muscle, fat and the liver become resistant to insulin - cells don’t take in enough sugar.
* The pancreas can’t make enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range