GI Clinical Flashcards
Disadvantage of parvovirus ELISA?
Can be false positive in a recently vaccinated dog (CPV-2 antigen)
Which clostridial toxins are most associated with disease?
A & B in C. difficile
CPE in Clostridium perfringens
Which E. coli species is associated with HUC? How is it tested for?
Enteroinvasive E. coli.
Test with FISH
What is the advantage of faecal flotation over a faecal smear??
It increases the sensitivity of detection. It is mainly useful for the detection of roundworm eggs and Giardia oocyts.
Folate digestion and absorption
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Cobalamin digestion and absorption
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What is alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor and when might measuring it be clinically useful?
It is a small (60kda) molecule that is similar size to albumin. It may be useful to measure it in cases where hypoalbuminaemia is documented but no other underlying cause has been found.
What T2M antibody level is consistent with a diagnosis of MMM?
>1:100
Sialadenitis vs. sialadenosis vs. necrotising sialometaplasia
Sialadenitis = inflammation of the gland
Sialadenosis = idiopathic non-inflammatory swelling of the gland. In some cases this will respond to phenobarbital.
Necrotising sialometaplasia = severe inflammatory swelling/necrosis of the salivary land
What breed is calvarial hyperosteosis seen in?
Bullmastifs - young, no treatment required.
What is fibrous osteodystrophy?
A sequalae to disrupted calcium homeostsis e.g. with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. It may result in osteopenia, rubbery jaw and tooth mobility.
Most common oral tumours in dogs and cats
Dogs
- Melanoma
- SCC
- Fibrosarcoma
Cats
- SCC
- Fibrosarcoma
Which cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?
Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Hypoglossal
How does the distribution of oesophageal smooth muscle differ between dogs and cats?
In dogs the whole oesophagus has striated mucle whereas cats the distal 1/3 is smooth muscle only.
Which cranial nervve is mostly responsible for oesophageal innervation?
The vagus nerve.
Which breeds are predisposed to the following:
a) Pharyngeal weakness
b) cricopharyngeal achalasia
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Inflammatory myopathies
e) Masticatory muscle myositis?
a) golden retrievers
b) cocker and springer spaniels
c) CKS and bouviour de flandres
d) Newfoundlands and boxers
e) Large breed dogs
Canine breeds with a congenital mega-oesophagus pre-disposition
Great Dane
German Shepherd
Labrador
Miniature schnauzer
Irish Setter
Chinese shar-pei
Newfoundland
Fox-terriers
Feline breeds with a congenital megaoesophagus breed predisposition
Siamese
What percentage of dogs with myasthenia gravis may have pharyngeal weakness as their only clinical sign?
1%
What is the pH range of refluxed gastric contents over which oesophagitis is more likely to occur/may be more severe?
pH <4 as pepsinogen is converted to pepsin at pH ragnes of 1.5-3.5
What adjunctive treatments to baloon dilation of an oesophageal stricuture can be performed?
Mitomycin C soaked gauze applied for 5 minutes prior to baloon.
Triamcinolone is injected into the submucosa. prior to dilation (this is a steroid)
Which breeds have have a familial predisposition to vascular ring anomalies?
Irish setters and German Shepherds
What are the most common oesophageal neoplasias in dogs vs. cats?
Dogs = fibrosarcoma
Cats = squamous cell carcinoma
Which breed is predisposed to congenital oesophageal fistulae?
Cairn terriers
Where are the following gastric endocrine cells found?
- Enterochromaffin like cells
- Somatostatin producing cells
- Gastrin producing cells
ECL = fundus, between gastric pits
SST = fundus, between gastric pits
Gastrin = antrum
What is the main stimulus for gastrin secretion?
Peptides and digested proteins in the stomach