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Psych FINAL > Chap 3 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main features of a neuron? (6)

A

The dendrites, nuclei, soma, axon hillocks, axons, and terminal buttons/axon terminals

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2
Q

What is the function of a dendrite?

A

It holds receptors for neurotransmitters to affect the neurons activity.

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3
Q

Where does the axon begin?

A

The axon hillock

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4
Q

What neurotransmitter sacs are housed in axon terminals?

A

Vesicles

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5
Q

What is the space between neurons called?

A

The synaptic cleft

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6
Q

What are the breaks between Myelin Sheathe components called?

A

The nodes of Ranvier

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7
Q

What does propagation describe in a neuron?

A

The opening of more voltage gated channels to faster depolarize the cell into an action potential.

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8
Q

In the central nervous system, which cells make up the myelin sheaths?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

What makes up the myelin sheaths outside of the CNS?

A

Schwann’s Cells

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10
Q

What are the two nervous cells that form the immune system of the brain?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Microglia
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11
Q

What is a neural network?

A

A complex connection between the dendrites and axons of many neurons

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12
Q

What is a nerve made of?

A

A large bundle of axons

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13
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The ability of neurons to change

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14
Q

What is the neocortex of the brain? What is it responsible for?

A

The neocortex is the outer layer and is responsible for thought and conscious processing.

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15
Q

What is the inner part of the brain that deals with life functions?

A

The medulla (oblongata)

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16
Q

What is the difference between function of grey matter and white matter?

A

The grey matter deals with local processing and white matter helps connect areas of the brain.

17
Q

What does the pons regulate?

A

Alertness, sleep, and motor function

18
Q

What is the RAS? What does it do?

A

The reticular activating system is a network of neurons that regulates our attention and arousal, and spans the midbrain to the cortex and to the body as well.

19
Q

What is the limbic system function?

A

Endocrine systems, emotions, emotional memory.

20
Q

What are the 4 structures of the limbic system?

A
  1. The cingulate gyrus
  2. The amygdala
  3. The hippocampus
  4. The olfactory cortex
21
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

It gives us responses to fear and strong emotion memory

22
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus?

A

memory formation, imagination

23
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

A

It focuses on unpleasant things,

24
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

It deals with homeostasis and regulation of hunger, temperature, etc.

25
Q

What does the basal ganglia help us do?

A

Start or stop movements, and automatic complex actions

26
Q

What are the 4 parts of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. The dorsal striatum
  2. The ventral striatum
  3. Globus padillus
  4. substantia nigra
27
Q

What do the striatum do?

A

It is where the inputs to the ganglia come in, and coordinates movement.

28
Q

What do the globus padillus and the substantia nigra do?

A

They send inhibitory or excitatory outputs to the thalamus

29
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

It deals with rhythm and timing of movements, and also integrates feedback.

30
Q

What are the three sections of the cerebellum and what do they do?

A
  1. The spinocerebellar division fine tunes movement using feedback
  2. The vestibulocerebellar division deals with balance/posture
  3. The cerebrocerebellar division connects the pons medulla and cerebellum to adjust timing and planning.
31
Q

What are two newly found functions of the cerebellum?

A

Problem solving and emotional response

32
Q

What are the two major neural pathways from the motor cortex (precentral gyrus)?

A
  1. corticospinal tracts (spinal)
  2. corticobulbar tracts (face/head)
33
Q

What is the type of decision does the prefrontal cortex make? How?

A

If, then decisions through a series of on/off switches

34
Q

What are the two parts of the prefrontal cortex? What are they responsible for?

A
  1. The ventromedial PFC is responsible for behavior based off fear.
  2. The dorsolateral PFC is responsible for working memory and adjusting movement based off of circumstance.
35
Q

Why is the prefrontal cortex so late to develop?

A

It is one of the last places to undergo myelination.

36
Q

What three structures are present in the endocrine system? What are their functions?

A
  1. Hypothalamus (secretes hormones and controls pituitary gland)
  2. Pineal gland (melatonin secretion)
  3. Pituitary Gland (hormone storage/secretion)
37
Q

What is the love hormone?

A

Oxytocin

Psych FINAL (8 decks)

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