Perceptual Knowledge + Action In Infancy (6) Flashcards

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1
Q

5 perceptual skills

A

Vision, audition (probably the most developed at birth), touch, smell, taste

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2
Q

Are newborns initially passive/ active

A

Passive

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3
Q

Inter-sensory integration

A

Infants begin to integrate information from several senses

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4
Q

Cross modal transfer*

A

Infants can perceive something via one modality & transfer the information to another modality

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5
Q

Researcher challenges when observing infant behaviour

A

Linguistic abilities
Attention
Crying
Sleeping
Ethical + consensual access

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6
Q

Babies can hear from

A

26 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Babies can begin to focus on individual sounds and rhythm at…

A

7-9 months

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8
Q

What is the greatest change in hearing ability over the first year of life

A

The ability to organise sounds into complex patterns

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9
Q

Development of the visual cortex*

A

2 months - discriminate colours
3 months - discriminate objects
6 months - visual acuity 20/100 (adults 20/20)

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10
Q

Visual acuity

A

The ability to see fine-grained detail (circle with lines assessment)

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11
Q

When does visual acuity develop

A

Rapid development in the first 6 months to just below adult level.(levelling off period) Full acuity not developed until after 1 year

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12
Q

Infants prefer to look at images with…

A

High contrast and a preference for edges

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13
Q

Pareidolia**

A

A psychological phenomenon involving a stimulus that the mind perceives a similar pattern where none actually exists (e.g. cloud faces)

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14
Q

Face processing hypothesis - Morton & Johnson - 2 types of hypothesis

A

Structural hypothesis (CONSPEC)
Sensory hypothesis (CONLERN)

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15
Q

Structural hypothesis (face processing) - CONSPEC

A

Innate info concerning the structure of faces - no prior experience necessary (a visual perceptual ‘device’)

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16
Q

Sensory hypothesis (face processing) - CONLERN

A

Classes of stimuli are preferred as a result of their general properties
Ability to learn about the human face, as a consequence of directing attention to faces - experience is required

17
Q

Perception

A

The ‘here and now’

18
Q

Piaget suggested object permanence begins at…

A

9 months but not fully developed until 2 years (but A not B error at 9 months)

19
Q

A not B error

A

Have object permanence but can’t then get rid of this when object placement changed -> development of frontal cortex allows links between object knowledge and action = success

20
Q

Meltzoff and Borton bumpy dummy %

A

71%

21
Q

When do infants begin to listen longer to real speech sounds than muddled up rhythms

A

2-7 months

22
Q

Vision at 2 months

A

Discriminate colours

23
Q

Vision at 3 months

A

Discriminate objects

24
Q

Vision at 6months

A

Visual acuity 20/100
Develop accuracy in tracking

25
Q

1 month olds scan… of shapes

A

Perimeters

26
Q

2 month olds scan…of shapes

A

Perimeters and interiors

27
Q

Who did the mummy’s face preferential looking experiment
(And %)

A

Bushnell, Sai and Mullin
63%

28
Q

After Piaget, 3-4 month olds…

A

Reason about NUMBER of objects in events

29
Q

After Piaget, 4-7 month olds..

A

Can appreciate the difference between 2ness and 3ness but not larger numbers - subitising

30
Q

Subitising

A

Appreciating directly a small number of objects without counting them consciously

31
Q

According to who, 4 and 5 month olds have an understanding of addition and subtraction

A

Wynn

32
Q

Other explanations for the A not an error

A

Response preserverarion (old habits)
Memory
Place A is a container
Communication
Attention
Frontal cortex maturity and executive function

33
Q

How is A not B error overcome

A

Initial searches trial and error
Development of frontal cortex allows links between object knowledge and action = success