Cardiovascular Anatomy

Question 1

What is A ?

Answer 1

Superior vena cava

Question 2

What is B ?

Answer 2

Pulmonary valve

Question 3

What is C ?

Answer 3

Right pulmonary artery

Question 4

What is D ?

Answer 4

Right pulmonary vein

Question 5

What is E ?

Answer 5

Tricuspid valve

Question 6

What is F ?

Answer 6

Chordae tendineae

Question 7

What is G ?

Answer 7

Inferior vena cava

Question 8

What is H ?

Answer 8

Descending/thoracic aorta

Question 9

What is I ?

Answer 9

Papillary muscle

Question 10

What is J ?

Answer 10

Bicuspid/Mitral valve

Question 11

What is K ?

Answer 11

Left pulmonary vein

Question 12

What is L ?

Answer 12

Aortic valve

Question 13

What is M ?

Answer 13

Left pulmonary artery

Question 14

What is N ?

Answer 14

Left subclavian artery

Question 15

What is O ?

Answer 15

Left common carotid artery

Question 16

What is P ?

Answer 16

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 17

What is Q ?

Answer 17

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 18

What is R ?

Answer 18

Right internal jugular vein

Question 19

What is S ?

Answer 19

Right subclavian vein

Question 20

What is the function of Chordae tendinae ?

Answer 20

During ventricular contraction, the pressure in both ventricles increase and close the valves, the chordae tendineae tense to keep the valves closed and prevent the valves prolapsing into the atria.

Question 21

Why do structures such as the pectinate muscles and trabeculae carneae form ridges on the internal surface of the heart chambers?

Answer 21

Ridges increase the surface area of the heart, allowing more blood to fill the chambers as opposed to if they were smooth walled.

Question 22

The act of the valves in the heart closing gives it its distinctive beating sound. What are the sounds, and which are the corresponding valves to each sound?

Answer 22

Lub: Tricuspid and Mitral valves
Dub: Aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 23

When the diaphragm contracts during inspiration, what happens to the orientation of the heart and why does it change?

Answer 23

The heart is pulled into a more vertical orientation as the pericardium is fused to the diaphragm, so downward movement of the diaphragm during inspiration pulls the heart down.

Question 24

What is the function of the fluid within the pericardial cavity?

Answer 24

Lubrication – heart is fixed in pericardium but needs to move freely and without friction.
Allows almost unimpeded movement of the heart, which is essential for its muscular contractions.

Question 25

If the parietal pericardium was irritated, where would pain be felt?