Neurons (2 Part 2)

Question 1

Receptors

Answer 1

Specialised neural components that respond to specific kinds of energy

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

The cell body of a neuron , which contains the nucleus

Question 3

What is myelin made by**

Answer 3

Glial cells

Question 4

Glial cells*

Answer 4

A type of support cell in the CNS and PNS that forms myelin sheaths

Question 5

What does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 5

Prevents messages/ signals from ‘spreading’ between adjacent neurons

Question 6

What do nodes of ranvier do

Answer 6

Help to speed up conduction

Question 7

Recording neural signals set up:

Answer 7

Recoding electrode inside the nerve fibre
REFERENCE electrode outside the fibre
(Difference in charge between = -70mV

Question 8

Sodium ions .. positive/ electric charge (Na)

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

Chlorine ions.. positive/ negative charge

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Potassium ions .. positive/ negative charge

Answer 10

Positive

Question 11

which ions are contained in the physiological solution that surround neurons

Answer 11

Sodium, potassium, chlorine

Question 12

what do special proteins pump in/out of the membrane surrounding neurons?**

Answer 12

Pump out 3 sodium (Na) and take in 2 potassium (K) (-> inside negative charge -> -70mV)

Question 13

How is an action potential generated*

Answer 13

Split-second changes in the movement of ions across the cell membrane

Question 14

Hyperpolarisation*

Answer 14

When the potential of a neuron goes below -70mV immediately following the action potential

Question 15

What are the pores in the membrane called that surround neurons

Answer 15

Channels

Question 16

What are action potentials essential for?

Answer 16

Sending rapid communications between the brain and body

Question 17

When do action potentials occur?*

Answer 17

When the permeability of the membrane changes (Na flows IN - more postitive ; K flows out - more negative)

Question 18

Upper firing rate of action potentials

Answer 18

500-800 impulses per second

Question 19

Acetylecholine NT function

Answer 19

Regulates motor control
Attention, learning, memory, sleeping and dreaming

Question 20

Dopamine NT function

Answer 20

Movement, motivation, emotional pleasure and arousal

Question 21

Glutamate NT function

Answer 21

Excitatory NT involved in learning and memory

Question 22

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) NT function

Answer 22

Primary inhibitory NT

Question 23

Seratonin NT function

Answer 23

Hunger, sleep, arousal, aggressive behaviour

Question 24

Endorphins NT function

Answer 24

Act with the pain pathways and emotion centres of the brain

Question 25

Excitatory NT’s cause**….

Answer 25

Depolarisation

Question 26

Inhibitory NT’s cause**….

Answer 26

Hyperpolarisation