Taste And Smell (9)

Question 1

We have two senses for detecting chemical stimuli

Answer 1

Taste and smell

Question 2

Salty taste indicates the presence of

Answer 2

Sodium

Question 3

5 basic taste qualities

Answer 3

Salty
Sour
Sweet
Bitter
Umami - meaty, brothy or savoury (assoc w/ MSG)

Question 4

Red dots on the surface of the tongue

Answer 4

Fungiform papillae

Question 5

What do papilla contain

Answer 5

Taste buds which contain taste receptors

Question 6

4 different papillae the tongue contains

Answer 6

Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvilliate

Question 7

Filiform

Answer 7

Shaped like cones and located over entire surface - no taste buds

Question 8

Fungiform

Answer 8

Shaped like mushrooms and found on sides and tip of tongue

Question 9

Foliate

Answer 9

Series of folds on back and sides

Question 10

Circumvilliate

Answer 10

Shaped like fat mounds in a trench located at back

Question 11

Where are taste buds located

Answer 11

In papillae (except for Filiform which mediates touch)

Approximately 10,000

Question 12

Receptor cells send information to the brain through 3 different nerves ***

Answer 12

Facial nerve - from front and sides of tongue
The glossopharyngeal - from back of tongue
The vagus - from mouth and throat

Question 13

Where do the 3 cranial nerves for taste connect to

Answer 13

The nucleus of the solitary tract in the spinal chord

Question 14

2 areas in the frontal lobe the taste cranial nerves connect to **

Answer 14

Insula
Frontal operculum cortex

Question 15

Olfactory mucosa

Answer 15

The mucus membrane that contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors

The membrane is located at the roof of the nasal sinus, just under the base of the brain

Question 16

Olfactory bulbs

Answer 16

The structures at the base of the brain, containing the neural circuits that process olfactory information

These neurons receive information directly from the axons of the olfactory receptors

Question 17

How many types of olfactory receptor neurons

Answer 17

About 350 in humans

Question 18

Macrosmatic

Answer 18

Having a keen sense of smell that is necessary for survival

Question 19

Microsmatic

Answer 19

A less keen sense of smell that is not crucial to survive (humans)

Question 20

Why have researchers found it difficult to map perceptual experience onto physical attributes of odorants

Answer 20

Language issue
Lack of any clear structure-function relationship - some molecules that have similar structures smell different

Question 21

Flavour

Answer 21

A combination of taste, smell and other sensations

Question 22

Where are responses from taste and smell first combined

Answer 22

OFC

OFC also has input from the primary somatosensory cortex (hot/cold/spicy) and the lower temporal cortex (the visual ‘what’ pathway)