Biology 6.1.4 Flashcards
What is a ‘Genome’?
The entire Set of the Genetic Material of an Organism is known as its Genome.
Biologists now know the entire Human Genome. What does this mean that they have accomplished?
It means that they have worked out all the Genes that are found in Humans.
The Genetic Material in the Nucleus of a Cell is Composed of a Chemical Called…
DNA.
What does ‘DNA’ stand for? What is it?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the Molecule that Contains the Instructions for Growth & Development of all Organisms.
DNA is a ___ made up of 2 Strands, forming a ___ ___.
Polymer, Double Helix.
What is a ‘Gene’?
A Gene is a Short Length of DNA found on a Chromosome.
Each Gene Codes for a Particular Sequence of ___ ___. These Different Sequences form Different Types of ___.
Amino Acids, Protein.
What are the main Different Types of Proteins? (3)
-Structural Proteins.
-Enzymes.
-Hormones.
Explain the Structure of DNA in the Nuclei of your Body Cells. (3)
-DNA in your Body Cells is Unravelled.
-Double-Helix Shape.
-Made up of Several Genes.
Why do all of your Body Cells Contain the Same DNA? EG Why are there Genes for your Hair Colour in the Cells of your Hands?
Because Due to Mitosis, DNA is Duplicated for the New Cell.
When/Where, Why, and How is Chromosomes Formed? (3)
-When/Where: In Body Cells. In Preparation for Mitosis.
-Why: It is Easier for Cells to Duplicate Neat, Coiled Up DNA, which is what Chromosomes are.
-How: Chromosomes are Coils of DNA. DNA is made up of Many Genes. Each Gene Controls a Different Characteristic/Feature in you.
What Happens to DNA in Preparation for Mitosis?
They Neatly Coil into Chromosomes for Easy Duplication.
What Happens to DNA in your Body Cells’ Nuclei After Mitosis?
DNA Unravel. Chromosomes are gone. These are now Squiggly Lines of DNA Called ‘Chromatins’. DNA is Made up of Many Genes. Each Gene Controls a Different Characteristic/Feature in us.
