c1.1 - importance of ATP

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate
universal energy carrier found in all living cells

Question 2

where is ATP produced

Answer 2

synthesised in the internal membranes of mitochondria + chloroplasts

Question 3

how is ATP synthesised

Answer 3

involves ATP synthase - enzyme found embedded in cellular membranes
ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to form ATP as protons flow through it, down electrochemical gradient

Question 4

flow of protons across mitochondrial v chloroplast membrane

Answer 4

mitochondrial - H+ flow across inner membrane, from intermembrane space into matrix
chloroplast - H+ flow across thylakoid membrane, from thylakoid space into stroma

Question 5

chemiosmosis

Answer 5

synthesis of ATP through movement of protons across partially permeable membrane, catalysed by ATP synthase
as protons move down, energy is released for attachement of inorganic phosphate to ADP forming ATP

Question 6

how is proton gradient maintained during chemiosmosis

Answer 6

potential energy associated with excited electrons is coupled to active transport of H+ across membrane by proton pumps

Question 7

electron transport chain

Answer 7

series of electron carrier proteins each w/ progressively lower energy levels that transfer electrons in chain of oxidation-reduction reactions, forming gradient of protons that enables ATP synthesis

Question 8

how can dehydrogenase activity be investigated

Answer 8

using artificial hydrogen acceptors
e.g: DCPIP, methylene blue, terazolium compounds

Question 9

colour change when DCPIP is reduced

Answer 9

blue to colourless

Question 10

colour change when methylene blue is reduced

Answer 10

blue to colourless