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W Spirits - Cocktails > Vodka and Gin and General Terms > Flashcards

Vodka and Gin and General Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Haymans Old Tom Gin

A

A gin recipe popular in the 18th century England. Known for being sweeter than London Dry Gin, but slightly drier than Dutch Genever.

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2
Q

What is a spirit?

A

The product of a distillation of a fermented beverage.

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3
Q

At what temperature does ethyl alcohol boil to?

A

Approx 173 degrees F (78 degress Celsius) at sea level.

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4
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The separation of two liquids with different boiling points.

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5
Q

Who developed the alembic still?

A

Jābir ibn Hayyān, an eighth-century Arabic chemist-alchemist.

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6
Q

What is an alembic still?

A

The precursor to the pot still.

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7
Q

What are alternative names to a continuous still?

A

Coffey, column, patent still

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8
Q

What is the process of a pot still?

A

Fermented liquor (the wash) is placed into a closed vessel
-heat is applied directly to the vessel
-this vaporizes the ethyl alcohol, water and congeners (volatile molecules, such as esters and other alcohols and aldehydes) which contribute to flavors of a spirit
-vapors travel up through the vessel into a condensing coil
-vapors are cooled and condensed into liquid and collected into a separate vessel

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9
Q

What are congeners?

A

Volatile molecules such as esters, other alcohols, and aldehydes, which contribute to the flavors of a spirit

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10
Q

What are the foreshots?

A

The first vapors to condense
-distiller discards these as these contain congeners such as methanol, a toxic alcohol

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11
Q

What are discarded in the distillation process?

A

The foreshots and the tails.

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12
Q

Why are the tails discarded?

A

Unwanted congeners tend to collect in the distillate residue.

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13
Q

What is a continuous distillation?

A

A still with two columns and uses steam, rather than direct heat to vaporize the alcohol.
It tends to create a cleaner, higher alcohol spirit with fewer cogeners.

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14
Q

What are the two columns of the continuous still?

A

The analyzer and the rectifier.

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15
Q

Where do brown spirits gain color and character?

A

From aging in oak casks.

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16
Q

How are spirits flavored?

A

-Many depend on the base fermented material (and oak)
-others flavored with additives by maceration, percolation or infusion

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17
Q

What is maceration?

A

Steeping a flavoring agent in alcohol at lower temperatures (slow and cold).

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18
Q

What is infusion?

A

Steeping a flavoring agent in alcohol at higher temperatures (swift and hot).

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19
Q

What is percolation?

A

-method that resembles coffee brewing
-the base spirit is pumped through the flavoring material

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20
Q

How are lower quality spirits flavored?

A

-artificial flavors and color additives

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21
Q

How is the alcohol content of a spirit legally required to appear on US and EU labels?

A

As abv

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22
Q

Until 1980, how did Britain base its legal calculation of the alcoholic strength of liquor on a simple test or proof?

A

The ability of gunpowder to combust when doused in the spirit

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23
Q

What is American proof?

A

Twice the percentage of alcohol by volume

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24
Q

Is labeling by proof required by law?

A

No

25
Q

What is the range of ABV for liquers?

A

15-30%

26
Q

What is the range of ABV for spirits like vodka or gin?

A

40-50%

27
Q

What is range of ABV for spirits like whiskey, brandy, and rum?

A

over 60% ABV

28
Q

What is a cask strength whisky?

A

those that are not diluted with water prior to bottling.

29
Q

What is vodka?

A

A clear, neutral liquor, distilled in a continuous still and usually charcoal filtered.

30
Q

What is vodka distilled from?

A

Different bases such as potatoes, rye, grapes, beets and molasses

31
Q

The more distillations a vodka undergoes, the stronger and purer the final spirit will be?

A

True

32
Q

What is the minimum ABV for vodka in the EU?

A

37.5%

33
Q

If a vodka is not made from potatoes or grain in the EU, must a producer state the products that are used in the fermentation?

A

Yes

34
Q

Name two quality producers of Russina vodka.

A

Stolichnaya and Ikon

35
Q

Name two premium vodkas from Poland.

A

Chopin (a potato vodka)
Belvedere

36
Q

Name a French vodka distilled in a post still.

A

Grey Goose

37
Q

Tito’s is distilled from what ingredient? What still is used?

A

Corn
Pot still

38
Q

Where is Ketel One made?

A

Netherlands

39
Q

Who owns Smirnoff?

A

Diageo owns it
-of Russian origin but has not been produced in Russia for almost a century

40
Q

What is aquavit?

A

A Scandinavian liquor
-clear spirit made from fermented potato or grain
-Flavored with Caraway root and other aromatics
-basically flavored vodka

41
Q

What is soju (Korean) / shochu (Japanese)

A

Distilled liquors traditionally made from rice and grains
-now commonly produced from potato tapioca
-similar to unflavored vodka in character
-not filtered through charcoal

42
Q

What is awamori?

A

An Okinawan style of shochu
-distilled from long grain indica rice

43
Q

What is gin?

A

Essentially flavored vodka

44
Q

How is gin made?

A

Essentially vodka flavored with juniper berry, citrus, cardamom, coriander, anise, etc. and redistilled.

45
Q

What is London Dry Gin?

A

Most modern gins
-indicates a method rather than a geographical origin
-made with a wide proprietary blend of botanical flavorings and can be subtly or startlingly distinct in character
-contains a noticeable citrus and spice element-orange peel, anise, cardamom, coriander, nutmeg, angelica root

46
Q

List a few popular London Dry Gins

A

Beefeater
Tanqueray
Bombay SApphire
Gordon’s
Boodles

47
Q

Who developed the first crude gin as a medicinal oil known as genever (jenever)?

A

Sylvius de Bouve, a Dutch doctor in the 16th Century

48
Q

What is genever?

A

The Dutch precursor to gin, produced in a pot still and sweeter and less alcoholic than London Dry Gin.

49
Q

What are the dominant aromatics in genever?

A

Juniper and malt
-it may be aged in oak casks

50
Q

What is oude Genever?

A

The traditional style, incorporating >15% malt wine.

51
Q

What is malt wine?

A

A distillate of corn, rye, and wheat.

52
Q

What is jonge genever?

A

A Cleaner, more neutral genever with less malt
-jonge means young

53
Q

What is Corenwyn?

A

A cask aged genever in which malt wine composes at least 51% of the distillate.
Translates to corn wine

54
Q

What is the difference in style between Plymouth and London Dry?

A

Plymouth is fuller in body, and more aromatic.

55
Q

Where is Plymouth from?

A

England
-revived in 1996
-proper gin for Pink Gin cocktail

56
Q

What is Old Tom Gin?

A

Lightly sweetened gin - the Tom in the Tom Collins cocktail.
-base of the Martinez cocktail

57
Q

What distillery revived Old Tom gin?

A

Hayman’s Distillery

58
Q

Name three producers of Old Tom Gin.

A

Haymans
Ransom
Tanqueray

W Spirits - Cocktails (21 decks)

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