DNA and inheritance

Question 1

What do most cells have?

Answer 1

A nucleus

Question 2

Where are all chromosomes found?

Answer 2

The nucleus of the cell

Question 3

What is a chromosome?

Answer 3

Chromosomes are coiled up molecules called DNA

Question 3

What is DNA?

Answer 3

A chemical made up of two long strands, arranged in a spiral.

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A gene is a short section of a chromosome

Question 4

What do genes control?

Answer 4

Genes control many of our characteristics e.g hair colour, eye colour etc.

Question 5

How do genes work?

Answer 5

genes work in pairs, one will be dominant over the other

Question 6

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 6

46 chromosomes

Question 7

How many chromosomes do egg and sperm cells have?

Answer 7

23 each

Question 8

What happens during reproduction?
How many matched pairs of chromosomes are there in normal cells?

Answer 8

23 pairs each

Question 9

a) What happens during reproduction?

b)What does this mean?

Answer 9

a)the nucleus of the egg fuses with the nucleus of the sperm and becomes fertilised.
b)This means that the fertilised egg contains each of the chromosomes. It contains a copy of each gene

Question 10

What do genes control?

Answer 10

characteristics ( something that makes you special)

Question 11

What does the fertilised egg develops in to?

Answer 11

It develops into an embryo

Question 12

What is heredity?

Answer 12

The process where genes are passed down from parent to child

Question 13

Who were the first scientists to build a model of DNA?

Answer 13

Crick and Watson

Question 14

Who were the other two scientists who helped them to understand the structure of DNA?

Answer 14

Wilkins and Franklin

Question 15

What is the structure of DNA called?

Answer 15

Double Helix

Question 16

What is a Double Helix?

Answer 16

A spiral made of two chains wrapped together

Question 17

How did they figure out the structure of DNA?

Answer 17

Using X-ray

Question 18

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 18

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 19

What are the 4 bases for DNA?

Answer 19

A+T, C+ G

Question 20

What is Lamarckism, Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer 20

the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 21

What is natural selection?

Answer 21

A mechanism of evolution

Question 22

The discovery of DNA

Answer 22

DNA was first identified in the late 1860s by Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher

Question 23

Which girl took Photo 51

Answer 23

Rosalind Franklin

Question 24

Why do we differ from our parents ?

Answer 24

Each parent actually has two different sets of genes

Question 25

Examples of Natural Selection

Answer 25

Evolving long necks has enabled giraffes to feed on leaves that others can’t reach