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ap psych > history and systems (modules 1,2,3) > Flashcards

history and systems (modules 1,2,3) Flashcards

1
Q

science

A

a passion to explore and understand without misleading or being misled

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2
Q

curiosity

A

when put to the test, can it’s predictions be confirmed? does it work?

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3
Q

skepticism

A

doubt as to the truth of something
- how do you know?
-what do you mean?

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4
Q

humility

A

being willing to be surprised and is open to new ideas

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5
Q

the three aspects of scientific attitude

A

curiosity, skepticism, humility

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6
Q

critical thinking

A

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions

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7
Q

socrates and plato

A

-concluded that the mind is separable from the body and continues on after death
-believed knowledge was innate

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8
Q

aristotle’s perspective

A

believed that knowledge is NOT pre-existing and instead grows from our experiences

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9
Q

renes descartes

A

-supported existence of innate knowledge
-believed animal spirits lived in our brain cavities and that they travel through nerves to muscles to promote movement

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10
Q

francis bacon

A

-one of the founders of modern science
-believed the human understanding easily supposes a greater degree of order and equality in things than it really finds

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11
Q

empiricism

A

-the idea that knowledge comes from experience
-observation and experimentation enable knowledge

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12
Q

john locke

A

-british political philosopher who proposed the idea that the mind at birth is a “blank slate”
-an essay concerning human understanding

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13
Q

wilhem wundt

A

created the world’s first psychological laboratory at university of leipzig

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14
Q

structuralism

A

-proposed by wundt and titchener
-introspection is used to reveal the structure of the human mind

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15
Q

edward bradford titchener

A

-student of wundt who introduced structuralism at cornell university

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16
Q

introspection

A

the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s own psychological

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17
Q

functionalism

A

-proposed by william james and influenced by darwin
-explored how mental and behavioral processes functions and how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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18
Q

william james

A

-believed it would be fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings
-believed feeling is adaptive

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19
Q

mary whiton calkins

A

first woman to be president of the APA

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20
Q

margaret floy washburn

A

received the first official female psychology phd

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21
Q

behaviorism

A

the view that psychology
-should be an objective science
-studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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22
Q

john b watson

A

championed psychology as the scientific study of behavior
-showed that fear could be learned in the little albert experiment

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23
Q

b.f. skinner

A

-behaviorist who rejected introspection and studied how consuqences shape behavior

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24
Q

sigmund freud

A

controversial figure who proposed theory of personality and the idea of unconscious sexual conflicts

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25
Q

psychoanalytic psychology

A

emphasizes the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affct our behavior

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26
Q

humanistic psychology

A

emphasiez human growth potentional

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27
Q

carl rogers and abraham maslow

A

humanistic psychologists who found behaviorism and freudian psychology too limiting

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28
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the study of mental processes, such as those that occur when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems

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29
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the interdisciniplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

30
Q

psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

31
Q

ivan pavlov

A

pioneered the study of learning

32
Q

jean piaget

A

the last century’s most influential observer of children

33
Q

contemporary psychology is inluenced by

A

our understanding of biology and experience, culture and gender, and human flourishing

34
Q

natural selection

A

the principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism’s survival are more likely to be passed down

35
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

the debate over whether your genes or experiences shape behavior and psychological traits

36
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection

37
Q

behavior genetics

A

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviors

38
Q

in contemporary science the nature-nurture tension dissolves because

A

nurture works on what nature provides

39
Q

every psychological event is simualtanouesly a biologicla event

A

this means depression oculd be both a brain and thought disorder

40
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted form one generation to the next

41
Q

even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary by gender or across cultures…

A

the underlying processes are much the same

42
Q

positive psychology

A

-the study of human flourishing
-with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help communities and indivuals thrive

43
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

and integrated approach the combines biological, psychological, and socio-cultural viewpoints

44
Q

behavioral psychology

A

the scientific study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning

45
Q

biological psychology

A

the scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes

46
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

47
Q

social cultural perspective

A

how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

48
Q

humanistic persepctive

A

how we achieve personal growth and fufillment

49
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

50
Q

cognitive perspective

A

how we encode process store and retrieve information

51
Q

biological perspective

A

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

52
Q

behavioral perspective

A

how we learn observable responses

53
Q

each perspective is helpful but

A

by itself can fail to see the whole picture

54
Q

psychohistory

A

the study of people’s historical motivationso

55
Q

psycholinguistics

A

the study of language and thinking

56
Q

psychoceramics

A

the study of crackpots

57
Q

testing effect

A

enhanced memory after retriving rather than simply rereading

58
Q

SQ3R

A

a study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

59
Q

psychometrics

A

the study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

60
Q

basic research

A

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

61
Q

developmental psychology

A

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

62
Q

education psychology

A

studying influences on teaching and learning

63
Q

personality psychology

A

invesitgating our persistent traits

64
Q

social psychologists

A

exploring how we view and affect one another

65
Q

applied research

A

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

66
Q

human factors psychology

A

explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

67
Q

industrial organization psychology

A

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior

68
Q

counseling psychology

A

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being

69
Q

psychiatry

A

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

70
Q

community psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

71
Q

dorothea dix

A

pioneer in therapy and mental health reform

ap psych (13 decks)

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