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E-government > UN E-Government Survey 2 > Flashcards

UN E-Government Survey 2 Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Sub components:

Instituational Framework Components

A
  1. Existence of national government portal
  2. Information available on the organizational structure
  3. Links to any sub-national/local government institutions
  4. Privacy statement(s) available
  5. Digital ID to access online services
  6. National e-Government/Digital Government strategy
  7. Information on citizens’ rights to access government information
  8. Legislation/law/policy/regulation
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2
Q

OSI Sub components:

Service Provision Components

A
  1. Police online declaration
  2. Online driver’s license
  3. Online permits
  4. Online residentship
  5. Online certificate
  6. e-Procurement service
  7. Electricity/gas payment
  8. Evidence of One-Stop-Shop portal(s)
  9. Service provision on Income taxes
  10. Mobile service provision available
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3
Q

OSI Sub components:

Content Provision Components

A
  1. National portal(s) available in more than ONE official language
  2. Information available about payments for government services through channels other than online
  3. Announcements of forthcoming procurement/ bidding processes
  4. Information about service provision in partnership with the private sector
  5. Evidence of free access to services through kiosks, community centers, post offices, libraries, public spaces, or free Wi-Fi
  6. Web statistics on usage of the online features/services
  7. Information on available scholarships or other forms of government funding for EDUCATION
  8. Alerts for weather and natural disasters
  9. Facilitation of free internet access
  10. Health information, Environmental information etc
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4
Q

OSI Sub components:

“Technial” Components

A
  1. Contact details
  2. Browser compatibility
  3. Ease of portal finding
  4. Mobile device accessibility
  5. Internal search mechanism
  6. Online user support
  7. Personal data accessibility
  8. Government portal(s) can be found on the first results page of any search engine typically used in that country
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5
Q

OSI Sub components:

Participation Components

A
  1. Municipality responsiveness emails
  2. Budget-related information
  3. Open data provision
  4. Real time communication
  5. Social networking features
  6. e-Voting
  7. E-participation portal(s)
  8. Information about the organization of competitions/ hackathons/ events around the use of open government data
  9. Availability of GIS or other geospatial data
    10.
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6
Q

Are the online service index assessment questions available to the public?

A

No

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7
Q

Where can the features assessed in the UN E-Government Survey be found?

A

In the Annex of the survey

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8
Q

How many thematic areas do the OSI assessment questions cover?

A

5

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9
Q

What are the subindices formed by the OSI assessment questions?

A

Institutional Framework, Services Provision, Content Provision, Technology, E-Participation

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10
Q

Where can the latest publication of the UN E-Government Survey be found?

A

https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us

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11
Q

What is the most comprehensive update to the E-Government Survey assessment in 2022?

A

Refined formula for generating the Online Service Index

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12
Q

What does the new approach introduce to the OSI?

A

Standardization and normalization regimen

to further align the OSI with Local Online Service Index (LOSI)

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13
Q

What does the availability of government information and services in multiple languages or through multiple channels facilitate?

A

Access and inclusiveness

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14
Q

How many Member States have portals with content available in more than one official language?

A

80%

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15
Q

How many countries proactively share web statistics on usage?

A

Less than half (91)

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16
Q

What type of information on usage do countries share?

A

Web statistics

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17
Q

What procedure is implemented for each component indicator?

A

Z- score standardization

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18
Q

What would the EGDI depend on without Z-score standardization?

A

The component index with the greatest dispersion

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19
Q

After Z-score standardization, what becomes a good statistical indicator?

A

Arithmetic average sum

What does ‘equal weights’ in this context mean?
‘Equal importance’

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20
Q

How is the overall EGDI calculated?

A

Arithmetic average of three component indexes

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21
Q

Why are the component indexes normalized?

A

To fall between 0 and 1

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22
Q

What is the formula for calculating the standard score?

A

z = (x - mu) / standard deviation

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23
Q

OSI sub-indices:

How are the weights assigned to the subindices?

A

Based on relative proportion of questions

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24
Q

What are the five categories used in the assessment?

A

E-participation, Provision of Services, IF, Content provision, Technology

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25
Q

OSI sub-indices:

How are the scores for each category tallied?

A

They are standardized and weighted

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26
Q

OSI sub-indices:

What is the formula for calculating the overall total score for a country?

A

Sum of standardized and weighted scores of each subindex

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27
Q

OSI Sub-indices:

How are the final scores normalized?

A

Using a formula to yield an OSI value between 0 and 1

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28
Q

OSI sub-indices:

What is the weight of each sub-index?

A

E-participation 35%
Provision of Services 45%
IF 10%
Content provision 5%
Technology 5%

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29
Q

What is the formula for calculating the online index value for a given country?

A

[(Actual total score - Lowest total score) / Range]

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30
Q

What does TII stand for?

A

Telecommunication Infrastructure Index

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31
Q

What are the four indicators used in the Telecommunication Infrastructure Index?

A

estimated internet users, number of mobile subscribers, number of wireless broadband subscriptions, number of fixed broadband subscriptions

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32
Q

What does ‘Internet users per 100 inhabitants’ refer to?

A

individuals who used the Internet from any location in the last three months

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33
Q

What is ‘Mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants’?

A

Number of mobile service subscriptions in the last three months

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34
Q

What does ‘Active mobile-broadband subscriptions’ refer to?

A

Total of data and voice mobile-broadband subscriptions used to access the Internet at broadband speeds

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35
Q

What is a subscription fee required for?

A

Accessing the Internet

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36
Q

What must users have done in the previous three months to qualify for a subscription?

A

Accessed the Internet

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37
Q

What does ‘Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants’ mean?

A

Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet or TCP/IP connection

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38
Q

What are some examples of fixed/wired broadband subscriptions?

A

Cable modem, DSL, fiber-to-home/building

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39
Q

What types of broadband subscriptions are excluded from the TII?

A

Mobile-cellular network subscriptions

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40
Q

Has the TII changed since 2002?

A

No

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41
Q

What components have been used in past TII surveys?

A

Internet users and mobile-cellular phone subscriptions

However, given the availability of suitable data, several replacements were introduced during the years

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42
Q

Have there been any replacements in the TII?

A

Yes

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43
Q

What indicator replaced the ‘wireless broadband subscriptions’ in 2018?

A

Active mobile-broadband subscriptions

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44
Q

Why has the number of fixed-telephone subscriptions been decreasing?

A

Advancements in communication technologies and preference for mobile communications and internet-based alternatives

45
Q

Why was the component of ‘fixed-telephone subscriptions’ removed from the index calculation in 2020?

A

It is not an accurate representation of telecommunication infrastructure capacity

Therefore, in 2020, the component of “fixed-telephone subscriptions” has been removed from the index calculation.

46
Q

What is the TELECOMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX (TII)?

A

An index that is equally decided by four component indicators

47
Q

What is the purpose of implementing the Z-score standardization procedure for each component indicator?

A

To ensure that the TII is equally decided by all components

48
Q

What happens if the Z-score standardization treatment is not implemented?

A

The TII would mainly depend on the component index with the greatest dispersion

49
Q

How is the standard score calculated in the Z-score standardization procedure?

A

By subtracting the population mean from an individual raw score and dividing the difference by the population standard deviation

50
Q

What is the telecommunication infrastructure composite value?

A

The simple arithmetic mean of four standardized indicators.

51
Q

What are the four standardized indicators used to calculate the composite value?

A

Internet user Z-score, Mobile/Cellular telephone subscription Z-score, Active mobile broadband subscription Z-score, Fixed-broadband subscription Z-score.

52
Q

How is the TII composite value normalized?

A

By subtracting the lowest composite value and dividing by the range of composite values for all countries.

53
Q

What is the Human Capital Index (HCI)?

A

Weighted average composite of four indicators

54
Q

What are the four indicators used to calculate HCI?

A
  1. Adult literacy rate
  2. Combined gross enrolment ratio
  3. Expected years of schooling
  4. Mean years of schooling
55
Q

Why were digital literacy indicators not used in this survey?

A

Insufficient data on digital literacy

56
Q

What is Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) or Gross Enrollment Index (GEI)?

A

A statistical measure used to determine the number of students enrolled in school at different grade levels.

and use it to show the ratio of the number of students who live in that country to those who qualify for the particular grade level

57
Q

How is Gross Enrollment Ratio calculated?

A

By dividing the total enrollment by the population in the corresponding age group.

58
Q

What does Gross Enrollment Ratio show?

A

The ratio of students living in a country to those who qualify for a specific grade level.

59
Q

What does UNESCO define Gross Enrollment Ratio as?

A

The total enrollment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the corresponding age group.

60
Q

What are the two factors that expected years of schooling estimates are based on?

A

Enrolment by age & number of children of school age

61
Q

What is taken into account when calculating mean and expected years of schooling?

A

Duration of each level of education

62
Q

HCI components:

How are the component indicators standardized?

A

Z-score procedure

63
Q

What is the human capital composite value for Country X?

A

Weighted arithmetic mean

64
Q

What did the replacement of “fixed Internet subscriptions” do with in 2014?

A

wireless broadband subscriptions

65
Q

When did the removal of “number of television sets” occur?

A

2008

66
Q

How much weight is assigned to the gross enrollment ratio?

A

2/9

67
Q

How much weight is assigned to the adult literact?

A

1/3

68
Q

How much weight is assigned to the Both components of Years of schooling?

A

2/9

69
Q

What features does the UN survey questionnaire assess related to online service delivery?

A

whole-of-government approaches, e-participation, multi-channel service delivery, usage uptake, digital divide, open government data, mobile services, innovative partnerships

70
Q

What is whole-of-government?

A

agencies working across portfolio boundaries to achieve integrated responses to the issues of policy development, program management and service delivery

71
Q

What is the importance of whole-of-government according to the SDGs?

A

critical for integrating sustainable development dimensions in a holistic and cross-sectorial manner at all levels.

72
Q

Why should integration of services be seen as a means and not an end?

A

To address complex problems collaboratively.

73
Q

What are the societal forces driving the movement towards integration of services?

A

Complex problems, citizen demand for more personalized and accessible public services, and internet opportunities presented by the Internet to transform the way the government works for the people.

74
Q

What is the global trend in public administration regarding service integration?

A

Moving from isolated silos to formal & informal networks.

75
Q

How should governments exploit the potential of ICTs?

A

Through coherent public sector wide policies aligned with SDGs

76
Q

Why adopt a whole-of-government approach?

A

Effective and coordinated policy responses

Being successful requires a whole-of-government approach across ministries and agencies and between levels, as well as partnerships with non-government actors.

77
Q

What is a benefit of a whole-of-government approach?

A

Enhanced efficiency by reducing duplication of processes and procedures in program management and service delivery

78
Q

What support does the whole of government approach need?

A

Must be supported by a high-level political will, an example of which is an effective cross-government institution with clearly earmarked financial resources and decision-making powers

79
Q

What is one benefit of integrating services?

A

Better service delivery

80
Q

How does e-government now differ from the early 2000s?

A

Ongoing shift from the traditional technocratic e-government approach of the early 2000s to a digital development agenda that is Policy oriented, Data Centric and politically driven

81
Q

Whole of government approach:

How to increase public value?

A

by promoting collaboration and coordination with private sector and civil society in the delivery of services and wealth creation through social innovation

82
Q

How has e-government expanded and evolved?

A

From siloed approaches to whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches

83
Q

What is digitalization doing to the way Governments operate?

A

Redefining and transforming

84
Q

What are some efforts to promote whole of government?

A

Citizen friendly portals and websites

85
Q

What is one feature of whole of government efforts?

A

Links to other ministries and institutions

Also Well defined sections such as e-services, social media, open government & Search results remain in the government sites.

86
Q

What is e-participation?

A

Electronic participation of citizens and business community in e-government.

Promoting Participation of the citizens is the cornerstone of socially inclusive governance.

87
Q

What is the goal of e-participation initiatives?

A

Should be to o improve the citizen’s access to information and public services and promote participation in public decision making which impacts the well-being of society in general and the individual in particular.

88
Q

What does the concept of ‘leaving no one behind’ extend to?

A

‘inclusive digital participation’

89
Q

What is civic participation equated with?

A

‘voting in elections’

90
Q

Apart from voting in elections, what does public participation and citizen engagement extend to?

A

‘shaping public policies’ and ‘determining public service delivery’

91
Q

What can e-participation serve as?

A

‘a catalyst for citizen engagement’ and in achieving the objectives of the 2030 Agenda

92
Q

What does e-participation aim to achieve?

A

Increasing e-information and enhancing e-consultation and Supporting e-decision-making

e-decision-making by empowering people through co-design of policy options and co-production of service components and delivery modalities.

93
Q

Does e-participation replace traditional forms of public participation?

A

No, it does not replace traditional forms

94
Q

How should governments reach different social groups in their population?

A

By deploying the optimal mix of online and offline modalities

95
Q

What features are assessed related to e-participation?

A

Archived information, datasets, access to government website in multiple languages, social networking features, e-consultation mechanisms, tools to obtain public opinion.

96
Q

Recommendation:

What is the outcome of ICTs and digital tools be used to enhance the spread of information?

A

citizen engagement.

97
Q

Reccomendation:

What is the importance of integrating offline and online communication tools?

A

Enhancing policy-making and service enhancements

98
Q

Recommendation:

What needs to work effectively for e-participation to reach all?

A

Formal and informal institutions

99
Q

Recommendation:

What may need to be updated to cover the digital arena for participation rights?

A

Constitutions, national bills of rights, and legislation

100
Q

What is the importance of enabling legislation?

A

provides freedom of information or protects the privacy of individuals can also include online protections.

101
Q

What is the role of designated public institutions in implementing online protections?

A

Translate legal protections into civic realities

102
Q

What are informal institutions that are important for promoting e-inclusion?

A

Social networks and allied e-business interests

103
Q

What can governments do to increase the chance of success for their e-participation strategy?

A

Benefit from platforms and channels already being used by citizens rather than creating new ones

104
Q

Why promoting a clear idea and understanding of e-participation?

A

Help those groups that are difficult to reach

105
Q

What should governments encourage to promote e-participation?

A

Issues-related participation and provide consistent feedback on consultations to the public

106
Q

What can ICTs help governments become through e-participation?

A

Better listeners and more agile partners in sustainable development efforts

107
Q

What are some methods that public managers and policy-makers can use to better understand the needs and aspirations of people?

A

Participatory budgeting, data mining, and interaction on social media

108
Q

What is an example of a newer method of outreach for public managers?

A

Crowdsourcing

can be effective methods of communication at the local level

109
Q

How can governments increase the likelihood of success for e-participation strategies?

A

Utilize platforms and channels already in use by citizens

E-government (10 decks)

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