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ISSA Personal Training Certification > Concepts of Biomechanics > Flashcards

Concepts of Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of the mechanical laws governing movement of living organisms

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2
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of the mechanics of human movement in exercise, everyday life, and sport.

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3
Q

Anatomical position

A

The anatomically neutral body position facing forward with the arms at the sides of the body and palms and toes facing straight ahead.

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4
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior planes (hip and shoulder abduction)

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5
Q

Sagital plane

A

Divides the body into left and right halves (squat)

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6
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into inferior and superior halves (anything with rotation)

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7
Q

Range of motion

A

Measurements of movement around a specific joint or body part

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8
Q

Balance

A

An even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to maintain its center of gravity within a base of support

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9
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced

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10
Q

Stability

A

The ability to control and maintain control of joint movement or body position.

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11
Q

Base of support

A

The area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact that the object or person makes with the supporting surface

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12
Q

Gravity

A

The attraction between objects and the Earth.

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13
Q

Dynamic balance

A

The ability to remain upright and balanced when the body and/or arms and legs are in motion.

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14
Q

Muscular force

A

Involves the contraction of a muscle while exerting a force and performing work. It can be concentric (shortening), eccentric (lengthening), or isometric (tension without joint movement

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15
Q

Static balance

A

The ability to remain upright and balanced when the body is at rest

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16
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object.

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17
Q

Weight

A

The gravitational force of attraction on an object

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18
Q

Line of gravity

A

A vertical line straight through the center of gravity.

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19
Q

Joint mobility

A

The degree of movement around a joint before movement is restricted by surrounding tissues.

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20
Q

Joint stability

A

The ability of the muscles around a joint to control movement or hold the joint in a fixed (stable) position

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21
Q

Laws of motion

A

The ability of the muscles around a joint to control movement or hold the joint in a fixed (stable) position

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22
Q

Force

A

The interaction that creates work or physical change. Its components are magnitude, direction, point of application, and line of action

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23
Q

Inertia

A

The resistance to action or change and describes the acceleration and deceleration of the human body.

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24
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity

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25
Q

Deceleration

A

A special type of acceleration where a person or object is slowing down

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26
Q

Velocity

A

The speed of an object and the direction it takes while moving

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27
Q

Force- velocity curve

A

A representation of the inverse relationship between force and velocity in muscle contraction.

28
Q

Momentum

A

The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.

29
Q

Speed

A

The ability to move the body in one direction as fast as possible

30
Q

Ground reaction force

A

The force the ground exerts on a body it is in contact with

31
Q

Friction

A

The resistance of relative motion that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

32
Q

Compression force

A

The force of two surfaces pressing toward one another.

33
Q

Tensile force

A

The force when two surfaces pull apart from one another.

34
Q

Shear force

A

The force of two surfaces moving across one another.

35
Q

Muscular contraction

A

The shortening or resistance to lengthening of a muscle fiber.

36
Q

Linear motion

A

Movement along a line, straight or curved.

37
Q

Angular motion

A

Rotation around an axis.

38
Q

Axis

A

Rotation around an axis.

39
Q

Displacement

A

The distance an object is displaced from a starting point.

40
Q

Distance

A

The total or sum of the length an object travels

41
Q

Angular displacement

A

The change of location of an object that is rotating about an axis.

42
Q

Linear displacement

A

The distance an object moves in a straight line.

43
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

The ratio of force that creates meaningful movement compared to the force applied to generate the movement.

44
Q

Work

A

Force times distance measured in foot-pounds

45
Q

Power

A

The combination of strength and speed—the ability for a muscle to generate maximal tension as quickly as possible.

46
Q

Mechanical work

A

The amount of energy transferred by a force, the product of force and distance.

47
Q

Levers

A

A rigid or semirigid bar rotating around a fixed point when force is applied to one end

48
Q

Fulcrum

A

The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots

49
Q

Effort arm

A

The portion of the lever arm between the applied effort and the axis

50
Q

Lever arm

A

The rigid bar portion of a lever that rotates around the fulcrum.

51
Q

Resistance arm

A

The portion of the lever arm between the load and the axis.

52
Q

Moment arm

A

The perpendicular distance between the fulcrum and the line of the force being applied.

53
Q

Torque

A

Force applied that results in rotation about an axis.

54
Q

Rotary motion

A

The movement around a fixed axis moving in a curved path.

55
Q

Force arm

A

The distance between the fulcrum and the force or load application in a lever.

56
Q

Origin

A

The proximal muscular attachment point to a bone.

57
Q

Insertion

A

The distal muscular attachment point to a bone.

58
Q

Agonist muscle

A

The primary muscle used for a mechanical movement

59
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle(s) opposing the mechanical movement of a prime mover.

60
Q

Sherrington’s law of reciprocal inhibition

A

A law that states that for every muscle activation, there is a corresponding inhibition of the opposing muscle

61
Q

Stabilizer muscles

A

The muscles playing the role of stabilizing or minimizing joint movement

62
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

The amount of tension a muscle can produce with respect to its length.

63
Q

Force-couple relationship

A

Two or more muscles acting in different directions that influence the rotation of a joint in a specific direction.

64
Q

Muscle synergies

A

The activation of a group of muscles to generate movement around a particular joint.

65
Q
A

ISSA Personal Training Certification (9 decks)

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