Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

animal disease > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological

A

Normal cell/tissue/organ function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathological

A

abnormal cell/tissue/organ function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical sign

A

Abnormality of structure or function; can be observed by the veterinarian/client. Synonymous to “symptom”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disease

A

A recognized abnormal structure or function with a defined set of recognizable clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Etiology

A

The cause of the disease (e.g., toxins, genetic mutation, infection…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signalment in disease

A

The population most likely to be affected or most at-risk. For example: parvovirus enteritis is a disease found in unvaccinated dogs less than 1 year of age and more commonly in black and tan breeds; canine mammary neoplasia is most commonly found in intact older females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Local system affected

A

Diseases that are local affect a specific organ (e.g., liver failure), part of the body (e.g., wounds), system (e.g., GI tract).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disseminated

A

When a local disease has spread elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Systemic

A

The disease affects a number of organs/tissues or whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Asymptomatic

A

The patient is affected, but does not appear to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Subclinical disease

A

Disease state that is lacking in detectable signs and symptoms on physical exam (i.e., there are no outward signs of disease); however, disease can be detected by either of the following:
i. Decreased production and/or function (e.g., decreased overall milk production; decreased rate of gain; lower reproduction rates over time)
ii. Abnormals on diagnostic testing (radiographic, chemical, haematological, immunological,…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical disease; symptomatic disease

A

Disease with recognizable signs and symptoms. Clinical diseases are also described using words such as: mild, moderate, severe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peracute

A

A few hours only from start to finish; tend to be most severe (usually fatal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute

A

Days to a couple weeks from start to finish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subacute

A

Somewhere between acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic

A

Weeks, months, years; usually less severe than acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Relapse

A

Clinical symptoms are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Remission

A

When clinical signs are absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Congenital disease

A

are present from the time of birth. In other words, the disease process affected the embryo or fetus while in the uterus. Congenital diseases can be further classifies as either inherited or non-inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inherited congenital disease

A

Familial inheritance of a genetic condition from the father and/or mother.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Non-inherited congenital disease

A

Damage to the embryo or fetus can also occur due to infection (bacteria, virus, fungi), trauma, lack of blood flow, exposure to heat, radiation, toxins. Any agent or factor that causes harm to the embryo/fetus is referred to as a TERATOGEN. The pathological process that results is called teratogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acquired diseases

A

Occur after birth due to an external factor

23
Q

Intrinsic disease

A

start from within the patient; there is no outside influence

24
Q

Degenerative disease

A

Diseases that occur over time and are related to the natural wear-and-tear that occurs with the aging process.

25
Q

Extrinsic disease

A

Caused by something outside of the patient

26
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Refers to diseases that are caused during medical examination or as a side-effect of medical treatment.

27
Q

Idiopathic

A

Means of unknown origin or self-originating and self-sustaining

28
Q

Degenerative

A

Age related, natural decline

29
Q

Developmental

A

Many inherited disease

30
Q

Anomalies

A

inherited defects present at birth

31
Q

Autoimmune

A

Immune system attacks itself

32
Q

Allergy/asthma

A

Immune system attacks targets that are innocuous

33
Q

Metabolic

A

Ketoacidosis in dairy cattle, post-parturient hypocalcemia (Milk Fever) in dairy cattle, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acid build-up. Also includes most of the endocrine diseases

34
Q

Mechanical

A

Fractures, cuts, wounds, crush injury, hip dysplasia, disk disease, dislocation

35
Q

Mental

A

behavioural

36
Q

Nutritional

A

Caloric deficiency (malnutrition), obesity, nutritional deficiencies and nutritional imbalances

37
Q

Neoplastic

A

Uncontrolled growths. Can be benign or malignant (cancer). Can be local or metastatic (having spread).

38
Q

Inflammatory

A

Damage to the tissues caused by non-specific inflammation. Usually occurs when the immune system has been activated

39
Q

Teratogenic

A

Due to exposure while in the uterus

40
Q

Vascular

A

Disorders of the blood vessels, blood volume (anemia), body fluid volume (including dehydration), hypotension, hypertension, shock; any cause of lack of blood flow, delivery of oxygen/nutrients; bleeding

41
Q

Reportable disease characteristics

A
  1. High mortality or morbidity (often no treatment)
  2. High risk of transmission between animals
  3. Economic importance
  4. Zoonosis
  5. Disease not currently in Canada
  6. Emerging (newly evolving) diseases
42
Q

Preventative treatment

A

Giving a treatment that is intended to prevent a disease from
occurring.

43
Q

Medical managment

A

Using a combination of pharmacological drugs, fluids, nutritional management, pain control, physical therapy to treat a condition. There is no surgery involved.

44
Q

Surgical management

A

Using surgery as the primary method to treat a condition. Surgical management does not exclude the use of medications, fluids, nutritional management, physical therapy.

45
Q

Empirical treatment

A

Treating without a known diagnosis; based on “best guess” due to lack of supporting evidence. Patient’s response to treatment is used to help the veterinarian determine what the actual diagnosis is. If treatment improves patient outcome, this adds to the body of evidence about the likely diagnosis. Can have very poor outcome if treatment choice is incorrect

46
Q

Symptomatic treatment

A

This can involve medical or surgical management. However, symptomatic treatment is only concerned with addressing specific clinical signs or problems and does not address the underlying cause of the disease. An example would be treating dehydration using fluids in a dog with viral diarrhea; the fluids will correct the dehydration but not address the presence of the virus that is infecting the intestines. In certain cases where there is no actual diagnosis, we may only be able to treat the symptoms and not can’t address the cause of disease

47
Q

Good prognosis

A

> 80%

48
Q

Excellent prognosis

A

> 90%

49
Q

Fair

A

> 70%

50
Q

Guarded

A

60%

51
Q

Poor

A

50% or less

52
Q

100% prognosis

A

cure

53
Q

90% prognosis

A

an excellent chance of returning to prior state of health

54
Q

> 60% prognosis

A

More likely to survive than to die; will likely have lasting effects

animal disease (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions