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English 10-1 > Poetry Theory > Flashcards

Poetry Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is prose?

A

Sentences or paragraphs.

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2
Q

What is verse?

A

Poetry; definite line endings and beginnings, may or may not have rhyme or rhythm

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3
Q

What is a simile?

A

Comparison of 2 unlike things using ‘‘like’’ or ‘‘as’’

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4
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

Comparison of 2 unlike things without using ‘‘like’’ or ‘‘as’’

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5
Q

What is personification?

A

Giving non-human things human-like characteristics

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6
Q

What is an oxymoron?

A

Words or a phrase which contradict (ex. jumbo shrimp)

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7
Q

What is a paradox?

A

A sentence or statement that contradicts (the giants were small)

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8
Q

What is an allusion?

A

An indirect reference to a famous person, object, event, place, etc

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9
Q

What is an apostrophe?

A

Directly addressing someone or something in a line of poetry

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10
Q

What is a pun?

A

A play on words wtih 3 possible forms:
1. a word with 2 different meanings
2. similarity of meaning in 2 homonyms (words with the same spelling or pronounciation but different things)
3. homonyms

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11
Q

What is metonymy?

A

One thing is a direct substitute for another (ex. chics=girls)

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12
Q

What is synecdoche?

A

A part represents a whole (ex. all hands on deck)

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13
Q

What is a freeverse?

A

A poem with no rhyme or rhyme

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14
Q

What is a blankverse?

A

2 or more lines of iambic pentameter that don’t rhyme (each Shakespearean play is written predominantly in blank verse)

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15
Q

What is Iambic Pattern?

A

2 syllables; first not stressed and the second stressed (emphasized)

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16
Q

What is an Iambic Foot?

A

Unit of measure: 2 syllables

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17
Q

What is a Pentameter?

A

5 feet/segments (10 syllables)

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18
Q

What is a hyperbole?

A

An extreme exaggeration

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19
Q

What is onomatopoeia?

A

Words express sound

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20
Q

What is symbolism?

A

Something represents something else

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21
Q

What is denotation?

A

LIteral/dictionary meaning of a word

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22
Q

What is connotation?

A

Implied meaning of a word (ex. home vs. house)

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23
Q

What is juxtaposition?

A

Placing of 2 or more words side-by-side in a line of poetry which are unrelated (ex. macaroni and gym shoes)

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24
Q

What is alliteration?

A

Repetition of the same consonant or vowel sound at the start of words

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25
Q

What is assonance?

A

Repetition of similar vowel sounds in a line of poetry

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26
Q

What is consonance?

A

Repetition of similar consonant sounds in a line of poetry

27
Q

What are litotes?

A

Negative is stated; positive is meant (ex. she is not a bad singer)

28
Q

What is cacophony?

A

Poem has harsh, discordant sounds (starts with t,r,d,etc)

29
Q

What is euphony?

A

Poem has smooth, pleasant sounds (starts with s, j, m, etc)

30
Q

What is imagery?

A

Figurative language using the five senses to create metaphors, similes, personification, vivid descriptions to make mental pictures

31
Q

What is repetition?

A

Repeating words, phrases, lines, or stanzas for rhyme, rhythm, emphasis, continuity

32
Q

What is a refrain?

A

lines of poetry that are repeated at intervals with the poem (ex. chorus in a song)

33
Q

What is a stanza?

A

Group of lines separated by a line space for different ideas, rhyme, rhythm, or emphasis

34
Q

What are the main types of stanzas?

A

couplet: 2 lines
rhyming couplet: 2 lines with end rhyme
tercet: 3 lines
quatrain: 4 lines
cinquin: 5 lines
sestet: 6 lines
octave: 8 lines

35
Q

What is satire?

A

Any work which ridicules people, ideas, or institutions to make a point for reform

36
Q

What is parody?

A

Any work which humorously ridicules a particular style or literary composition through imitation purely for entertainment

37
Q

What is a rhyme?

A

Similar sounds in words positioned closely. There are 8+ types

38
Q

What is beginning rhyme?

A

Rhyme occurs at the start of 2 or more lines. (gladly we sing/madly we rove)

39
Q

What is internal rhyme?

A

Rhyme occurs within a single line. (the health and wealth of a nation)

40
Q

What is end rhyme?

A

Rhyme occurs at the end of 2 or more lines

41
Q

What is masculine rhyme?

A

The rhyme consists of a single syllable (the mAN rAN up the stairs)

42
Q

What is feminine rhyme?

A

2 syllables rhyme (slEEP-ING, crEEP-ING)

43
Q

What is triple rhyme?

A

3 syllables rhyme

44
Q

What is eye/sight rhyme?

A

Words appear to rhyme based on sight but don’t sound the same (creak/break)

45
Q

What is slant/imperfect rhyme?

A

Words in which the final consonants are the same but preceding vowels differ (bought/fight)

46
Q

What is a rhyme scheme?

A

An alphabetical labelling system used to describe the rhyming pattern in a poem

47
Q

What is figurative language?

A

Use of figures of speech like metaphor, simile, personification, etc

48
Q

What is a persona?

A

Character who narrates the poem who isn’t the author

49
Q

What is rhythm?

A

A recurrent beat or stress of the line

50
Q

What is mood?

A

Feeling the readers get from reading the work

51
Q

What is tone?

A

Writer’s attitude towards the subject and audience, doesn’t equal mood; diffficult to determine. Readers should study the storyteller’s voice and intent.

52
Q

What is the narrative poetry class?

A

Has characters, settings, plots, and tells about people involved in a sequence of important events. Uses simple, direct rhythmical language with a strong emphasis on plot. Most common narrative poems are ballads and epics.

53
Q

What are ballads?

A

Form of verse, adapted for singing or recitation that presents a story. Has two main types.

54
Q

What are popular/traditional/folk ballads?

A
  • belongs to early periods
  • usually several variations
  • usually anonymous, passed down generations
  • strong rhythm
  • usually repetition
  • usually sung
  • simple rhyme scheme
55
Q

What are literary/art/modern ballads?

A
  • author name given
  • composed by a poet
  • highly polished, artistic, detailed
  • literary devices carefully chosen
  • not much repetition
  • not composed to be sung
56
Q

What is an epic?

A

Long, serious, narrative poem recounting the deeds of heroic figures from legends or history, written in an elevated or sophisticated style, often features supernatural forces

57
Q

What is the lyrical poetry class?

A

Most popular class, poet expresses their desires, feelings, emotions, or ideals. Has two main types

58
Q

What is short lyrical poetry?

A

Includes formula poetry (haiku, tanka, cinquin, diamante, the limerick) and is nonsensical or humorous

59
Q

What are two examples of short lyrical poetry?

A

The epigram- brief, witty statement in 2-4 lines

The epitaph- 2-4 line poetic inscription on a tombstone

60
Q

What is longer lyrical poetry?

A

3-8 stanzas

61
Q

What are three examples of longer lyrical poetry?

A

The elegy- dignified poem expressing sorrow or praise for the dead

The ode- entire poem often addressed to some person, creature, or object; has a serious subject and dignified style

The sonnet- 14 lines, written in iambic pentametre, has a complicated rhyme scheme

62
Q

What are the two examples of sonnets?

A

Shakespearean/English sonnet- rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG (3 quatrains and a rhyming couplet)

Petrarchan/Italian sonnet- rhyme scheme ABBA ABBA CDE CDE in some variation (one octave of ABBA ABBA and a sestete of CDE CDE)

63
Q

What is the dramatic poetry class?

A

Intended to be read aloud or performed in front of an audience, usually revealed through monologue (one person speaking to the audience) or dialogue (2 or more people speaking)

64
Q

What is the social commentary class?

A

Comments on society’s social habits, customs, attitudes, and problems in order to promote much needed changes in the individual or society

English 10-1 (5 decks)

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