Humanistic, Constructivist Flashcards
Question ID #10244: The goals of Gestalt therapy include helping the client recognize and satisfy needs and accept polarities that exist within his/her personality. A psychologist using a Gestalt approach would consider the key to achieving these goals to be which of the following?
A.
Congruence
B.
Awareness
C.
Unconditional positive regard
D.
Cognitive restructuring
The correct answer is B.
According to Gestalt theory, a well-functioning person is able to see the entirety of his or her immediate experience (i.e., the “gestalt”). According to Gestalt principles, awareness of thoughts, emotions, behaviors, etc. in the “here-and-now” is sufficient to cause desired changes.
Answer A: Congruence between self and experience is the goal of client-centered therapy.
Answer C: Unconditional positive regard is a therapeutic technique used by client-centered therapists.
Answer D: Cognitive restructuring is a focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Question ID #12541: A Gestalt therapist would interpret a client’s transference as:
A.
a sign of progress.
B.
a manifestation of resistance.
C.
the client’s fantasy.
D.
the result of “splitting.”
The correct answer is C.
Knowing that Gestalt therapists focus on the “here-and-now” (current functioning) may have helped you identify the correct answer to this question. Gestalt therapists consider a client’s transferences to be counterproductive and respond to transference by helping the client recognize the difference between his/her “transference fantasy” and reality.
Answer A: Gestalt therapists view transference as counterproductive.
Answer B: Gestalt therapists view transference as fantasy rather than resistance.
Answer D: The concept of splitting is more closely associated with objects relations therapy.
Question ID #12543: George Kelly’s (1955) personal construct theory focuses on the role of “personal constructs,” which Kelly describes as:
Select one:
A.
bipolar dimensions of meaning.
B.
primordial images.
C.
distortions.
D.
manifestations of the person’s “style of life.”
The correct answer is A.
Kelly’s theory focuses on how people construe (perceive, interpret, and predict) events, with construing involving the use of personal constructs. As defined by Kelly, personal constructs are mental templates that consist of a characteristic or other phenomenon and its perceived opposite (e.g., outgoing-shy, interesting-boring).
Answer B: Primordial images are associated with Jung’s analytic psychotherapy.
Answer C: This sounds more Freudian.
Answer D: This is an Adlerian concept.
Question ID #12545: According to Carl Rogers, which of the following leads to disorganization of the self?
Select one:
A.
Chronic boundary disturbances
B.
Incongruence between self and experience
C.
Inadequate resolution of the splitting of self and object
D.
An inability to fulfill one’s needs in a responsible way
The correct answer is B.
The self is a central concept in Rogers’s person-centered therapy. Rogers proposed that the self becomes disorganized when the individual experiences incongruence between self and experience, which occurs when he/she is exposed to conditions of worth.
Answer A: Boundary disturbances are of concern to Gestalt therapists.
Answer C: Splitting is of interest to object relations theorists.
Answer D: Reality therapists consider an inability to fulfill one’s needs in a responsible way as the cause of a “failure identity.”
Question ID #12546: Glasser’s (1998) reality therapy identifies which of the following as the primary source of motivation?
Select one:
A.
Basic innate needs
B.
Striving for superiority
C.
The drive to become an integrated “whole”
D.
Unconscious conflicts
The correct answer is A.
Reality therapy is based on the premise that everything a person does is for the purpose of satisfying his/her needs. Glasser distinguished between five basic innate needs—survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun. A person’s ability to satisfy these needs in a responsible way determines whether he/she develops a success identity or a failure identity.
Answer B: This is an Adlerian concept.
Answer C: This is a Gestaltian concept.
Answer D: This is a psychodynamic concept.
Question ID #12547: Carl Rogers proposed that a person may attempt to relieve anxiety by relying on which of the following?
Select one:
A.
Secondary process thinking
B.
Distortion or denial
C.
Introjection
D.
Assimilation or accommodation
The correct answer is B.
Rogers proposed that incongruence between self and experience produces unpleasant physical sensations that are subjectively experienced as anxiety. According to Rogers, a person may attempt to alleviate anxiety by distorting or denying experiences that produced the incongruence that caused the anxiety.
Answer A: This concept is associated with psychoanalytic theory.
Answer C: This concept is most closely associated with Gestalt theory.
Answer D: These terms are more closely associated with Piaget.
