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Optometry > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of anatomy

A

structures of the body
relationships between each other
how they are all connected

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2
Q

how many levels of structural organisation is there

A

6

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3
Q

what are the 6 levels of organisation

A

chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level
the living individual

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4
Q

what is within the chemical level

A

atom molecules and compounds

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5
Q

what is within the cellular level

A

smallest living units of the body

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6
Q

what is within the tissue level

A

cells and surrounding material to create the 4 tissue types

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7
Q

what are the 4 types of tissue

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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8
Q

what is within the organ level

A

two or more tissue types join to create organs

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9
Q

what is within the organ system level

A

related organs with common functions
e.g. digestive system

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10
Q

what are the 11 body systems

A

integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive

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11
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

integumentary system

A

**skin **
protection
regulates temo
synthesises vitamin D
sensations
Fat and insulation

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12
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

skeletal system

A

bones and joints
support
protection
muscle attachment
blood cells
mineral and lipids

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13
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

muscular system

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
body movement
posture
heat

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14
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

nervous system

A

brain
spinal cord
nerves
sense organs
generates nerve impulses
regulates body activities

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

endocrine system

A

hormone producing glands
hormones
regualtes body activities

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17
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

cardiovascular system

A

blood
heart
blood vessles
acid-base balance
temperature
water
disease and repair

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18
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

lymphatic system

A

lymphatic fluid
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
cellular level
proliferations of B and T cells

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19
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

Respiratory system

A

Lungs + air passageways
O2 transfer to blood
Acid-base balance
Sound

20
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

digestive system

A

Gastrointestinal tract
Mouth
Stomach
Small and large intestine
Anus
Accessory glands
Breakdown of food
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates waste

21
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

Urinary system

A

Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Stores and eliminates urine
Blood regulation
Maintains acid-base-balance
Mineral balance
Red blood cells

22
Q

what are the features and purpose of the

Reproductive system

A

Gonads
Ovaries
Associated genes

23
Q

What is the universal anatomical position

A

Standing position
Head facing forward
Arms to the side
Palms forward
Fingers extended
Thumbs are pointing away from the body
Feet spaced slighting apart
Toes pointing forward

24
Q

Definitions

What is superior

A

above

25
Q

what is inferior

A

below

26
Q

what is ventral

A

forwards

27
Q

what is dorsal

A

behind

28
Q

what is superficial

A

surface

29
Q

what is medial

A

middle

30
Q

what is lateral

A

far from middle

31
Q

what is ipsilateral

A

same side of the body

32
Q

what is contralateral

A

opposite side of body

33
Q

what is unilateral

A

one side

34
Q

what is bilateral

A

both sides

35
Q

what is intermediate

A

in-between

36
Q

what are the planes of motion

A

divisions made into anatomical sections

37
Q

what is sagittal/median plane

A

divides the body into left and right

38
Q

what is midsagittal plane

A

runs directly down the middle of the body

39
Q

what is parasagittal plane

A

runs not directly down the middle

40
Q

what is the coronal plane

A

divides into anterior and posterior

41
Q

what is the transverse/axial plane

A

divides into superior and inferior

42
Q

what is the oblique plans

A

plane that is not vertical nor horizontal

43
Q

what is the definition of homeostasis

A

“The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment”

44
Q

What is interstitial fluid

A

fluid between cells

45
Q

what is synovial fluid

A

fluid within the joints

46
Q

what is the fluid in the eye

A

aqueous humour
vitreous humour

47
Q

what is a positive feedback loop

A

reinforces a change to the controlled condition
e.g blood clotting

Optometry (10 decks)

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