Review Of The Cell

Question 1

Who proposed the first two principles of cell theory? What year

Answer 1

Schwann 1839

Question 2

What are the first two principles of cells theory

Answer 2

All organisms are made of one or more cells

The cell is the structural unit of life

Question 3

What is the third principle of cell theory?

Who proposed it and when

Answer 3

Cell can only come from the division a pre existing cell, only come from other cells

Virchow (1855)

Question 4

What is the 4th principle of cell theory

When was it made

Answer 4

After dna discovered, 4th theory came

Cells contain genetic info in the form of dna, that info is passed from parent to daughter cell

Question 5

What are the basic properties of cells

Answer 5

Cells are complex and organized

Contain genetic information

Aquire and use energy from the sun

Carry out different chemical reactions (need enzymes to increase rxn rate)

Involved in mechanical activities (material transport, movement of the cell)

Respond to stimuli (through receptors interacting with environment)

Capable of self regulation (homeostasis)

Cells evolve (from a common ancestral cell, share organelles)

Question 6

Cells reproduce by ___

Answer 6

Division

Question 7

What is special about Henrietta lacks

Answer 7

Hela cells (cells that divide infinitely, cancerous) were taken from her in 1950 without consent.

During her tratment for cervical cancer

Question 8

Prokaryotic cells are in ___

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells are in

Answer 9

Animals fungi plants protists

Question 10

What is in common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells

Answer 10

Same plasma membrane

Genetic info is in dna

Same transcription/translation mechanism

Same metabolic pathway

….

Question 11

What are features in eukaryotes that aren’t the same in prokaryotes

Answer 11

…

Question 12

What is a covalent bond

Answer 12

Chemical bond where electron pairs are shared between 2 atoms

Question 13

When is an atom most stable

Answer 13

When is outermost electron shell is full

Question 14

Polar (partial charges) molecules are ____

Non Polar (no partial charges) molecules are ____

Answer 14

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

N and O are more electronegative than H

Question 15

What is a non covalent bond what are the types of non covalent bonds

Answer 15

Weak chemical attraction that comes from oppositely charges regions of atoms

Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Van Der Waals

Question 16

What is an ionic bond

What causes them to become weaker

Answer 16

Electrostatic interaction between positive and negative charged atoms

Weak in cellular environments (watery) since ions react with water instead of each other

Question 17

What is a hydrogen bond

Answer 17

Electrostatic interaction between H atom that is covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom

And a second electronegative atom

Question 18

What are van der waals interactions

Answer 18

Weak attractive force due to random distribution of charges in atoms or molecules

Question 19

What is the hydrophobic effect

What does it do

Answer 19

The tendency of non polar molecules to aggregate together the minimize their interactions with polar water molecules around them

This is the basis for forming lipid bilayer membranes

Question 20

Memorize carbonyl phosphate and sulfhydryl groups

Answer 20

Ok

Question 21

To identify the amino acids and to see if something is polar or non polar, look at the side chains

Question 22

What are the polar uncharged amino acids

Answer 22

Serine
Threonine
Glutamine
Aspargine
Tyrosine
Cysteine

Question 23

What are the polar charged amino acids

Answer 23

Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Lysine (positively charged)
Arginine
Histidine

Question 24

What are the nonpolar amino acids

Answer 24

Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline

Question 25

What amino acid can be in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments

Answer 25

Glycine

Because only a h side chain