Earth & Life Lesson 3

Question 1

First to discover cell which he said that it looked similar to cellula or small rooms which monks inhabited.

Answer 1

Robert Hooke (1995)

Question 2

First to witness a live cell under microscope.

Answer 2

Anton van Leeuwenheok

Question 3

2 Major Types of Cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

Question 4

absence of nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 4

Prokaryotic

Question 5

has nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 5

Eukaryotic

Question 6

Three Major Parts

Answer 6

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, & Nucleus

Question 7

control the flow of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer 7

Cell Membrane

Question 8

is a jelly-like clear substance; a site for many chemical reactions in the cell.

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

contains the DNA and nucleolus; allow the molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

7 Organelles which can be found in both plant and animal cells?

Answer 10

Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Peroxisome
Vesicle

Question 11

bean-shaped which is made up of two membranes; supply the energy for the cell.

Answer 11

Mitochondrion

Question 12

is made up of interconnected thin folded membranes that are found throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.

Answer 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

two types of ER?

Answer 13

Rough ER - with ribosomes
Smooth ER - without ribbosomes

Question 14

consists of layered stacks of flattened membranes that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

Answer 14

Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

small round structure found in the cell consists of large small sub- units made up of RNA and protein. These organelles can be found attached to the ER or floating in the cytoplasm. This is the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

fluid-filled sac that stores substances needed by the cell, which may include water, food, ions, and enzymes.

Answer 16

Vacuole

Question 17

contains enzymes involved in digesting fatty acids. They also absorb nutrients which the cell has acquired.

Answer 17

Peroxisome

Question 18

small membrane-bound sac functions to transport materials from one place to another inside the cell. They also function in metabolism and enzyme storage as well.

Answer 18

Vesicle

Question 19

2 organelles found only in animal cells.

Answer 19

Centriole & Lysosome

Question 20

a cylinder-shaped organelle that is made up of microtubules arranged in a circle. There are nine microtubules. They help the cell to divide during mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 20

Centriole

Question 21

This membrane-bound organelle is basically a specialized vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes. It is used to digest food or break down the cell when the cell dies. It also defends the cell from bacteria and viruses.

Answer 21

Lysosome

Question 22

2 organelles found only in plant cells.

Answer 22

Cell Wall & Chloroplast

Question 23

a rigid layer found not only in plant cells but also in algae, fungi, and most bacteria. Cell walls also allow plants to grow to great heights.

Answer 23

Cell Wall

Question 24

is made up of outer and inner membranes. They have closed compartments of stacked membranes called grana (singular for granum). Each granum contains thylakoids which contains cholorophyll

Answer 24

Chloroplast