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Patient Management 2 > Pharmaceutical Tables > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Tables Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general function of Adrenergic drugs?

A
  1. Stimulates sympathetic nervous system (FIGHT OR FLIGHT response)
  2. Constricts blood vessels and stimulates the heart
  3. Bronchodilator
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2
Q

When are Adrenergic drugs mostly used?

A

Used in anaphylaxis, respiratory and cardiac emergencies

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3
Q

Intropin and Adrenalin (chloride) are examples of what type of medication?

A

Adrenergic drugs:

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4
Q

What is the generic name for Adrenalin (chloride)?

A

Epinephrine

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5
Q

What are the uses of Adrenalin (chloride)/Epinephrine?

A

Cardiac arrest, Acute asthma, respiratory arrest

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6
Q

What are the adverse effects of Epinephrine/Adrenalin (chloride)

A

Anxiety, Insomnia, Restlessness

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7
Q

What is the generic name for Intropin?

A

Dopamine

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8
Q

What are the uses for Intropin/dopamine?

A

Shock due to trauma, myocardial infarction.

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of Intropin?

A

Hypotension, Dyspnea, Angina

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10
Q

What are Analgesics and how are they classified?

A
  • Drugs that relieve pain.
  • Divided into non-opioids (non-narcotics) & opioids (narcotics).
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11
Q

What are the two common opioids used to treat moderate to severe pain in the ER?

A

morphine and oxycodone

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12
Q

When are non-opioid analgesics used?

A

Used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain

Don’t cause co-dependency

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13
Q

Give an example of a opioid antagonist:

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

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14
Q

How is naloxone (Narcan) administered and what is its function?

A

Naloxone (Narcan) is administered parenterally or intranasally to terminate respiratory depression.

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15
Q

What is the general function of Analgesics, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs?

A

Used to reduce pain, fever and inflammation in tissues, respectively.

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16
Q

What are the trade name for Ibuprofen
(NSAID)?

A

Motrin, Advil

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17
Q

Motrin, Advil, Aspirin, Tylenol, and Aleve are all examples of what type of drug?

A

Analgesics, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs

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18
Q

What is the generic name for Aspirin?

A

Acetylsalicylic acid
(NSAID)

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19
Q

What is the generic name for Tylenol?

A

Acetaminophen

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20
Q

What is the trade name for Naproxen
(NSAID)?

A

Aleve

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21
Q

What is Ibuprofen
(NSAID) used for?

A

Treat moderate pain usually related to muscle or neurologic origin

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22
Q

What is Acetylsalicylic acid
(NSAID) used for?

A

Treat mild pain/fever, arthritic & inflammatory conditions, prevent thrombosis.

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23
Q

What is Acetaminophen used for?

A

Relieve moderate pain without anti-inflammatory effects.

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24
Q

What is Naproxen
(NSAID) used for?

A

Relieve pain, menstrual cramps, fever, rheumatoid arthritis

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25
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ibuprofen
(NSAID)?

A

Gastric distress, renal failure, prolonged bleed time

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26
Q

What are the adverse effects of Acetylsalicylic acid
(NSAID)?

A

Tinnitus, nausea, GI bleeding

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27
Q

What are the adverse effects of Acetaminophen?

A

Liver toxicity, hemolytic anemia, skin rash

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28
Q

What are the adverse effects of Naproxen
(NSAID)?

A

Dizziness, headache, bruising, heartburn

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29
Q

What does NSAID stand for?

A

NSAID = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

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30
Q

How do NSAID drugs work?

A

They reduce the amount of prostaglandin produced by the body when injured. ** (Prostaglandin contributes to inflammation resulting in swelling, fever and increased sensitivity to pain.) ** NSAIDs block the production of prostaglandin, relieving symptoms of injury.

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31
Q

What is the most potent analgesic?

A

Opioids

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32
Q

What is the general use for opioids?

A

-May be used to control intense as well as less severe pain.
-Used in medicine to relieve pain, cause sedation and induce sleep

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33
Q

What are narcotics?

A

Referred to any substance that dulled the senses and relieved pain. (only refers to opioids)

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34
Q

How do opiods reduce pain?

A

By depressing the centeral nervous system

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35
Q

What is the downside of all opoids?

A

Can result in dependence & addiction.

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36
Q

What are the adverse effects of all opioids?

A

Respiratory depression, shock, death.

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37
Q

Morphine, Codeine, Percocet, Demerol, and Sublimaze are all examples of what type of drug?

A

Opioids

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38
Q

What is the generic name for Morphine?

A

Morphine sulfate

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39
Q

What is the generic name for Codeine?

A

Codeine sulfate

40
Q

What is the generic name for Percocets?

A

Acetaminophen + Oxycodone

41
Q

What is the generic name for Demerol?

A

Meperidine

42
Q

What is the trade name for Fentanyl (citrate)?

A

Sublimaze

43
Q

What are Morphine, Codeine, Percocet, Demerol, and Sublimaze used for?

A

Control severe pain; may create dependence; Highly controlled due to potential for abuse and misuse; kept locked up.

44
Q

In large quantities, what effects can narcotics cause?

A

Blunt the senses, produce euphoria, stupor or coma

45
Q

What are the two types of efficacy opioids?

A
  1. Milder efficacy opioid
  2. High efficacy injectable opioids
46
Q

What type of efficacy opioid can be administered orally?

A

Milder efficacy opioid

47
Q

What is the generic name for Narcan?

A

Naloxone

48
Q

What is the function of Narcan/Naloxone?

A

Prevent or counteract respiratory distress

49
Q

What are the 2 types of anesthetics?

A

General and Local

50
Q

What is a central nervous system depressants, resulting in muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness and therefore, used in major surgical procedures.

A

General anesthetics

51
Q

What can overuse of topical anesthetics can lead to?

A

Excessive absorption of the drug, and may cause irregular heartbeat (arrythmia), seizures, breathing difficulties and death.

52
Q

What is the function of Local anesthetics?

A

Block nerve conduction from an area of the body to the CNS

53
Q

How are General anesthetics administered?

A

Through inhalation (gas) or intravenously (liquid).

54
Q

What is the general function of anesthetics?

A

Reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain. (Promotes loss of feeling/sensation)

55
Q

Where is local anesthetics injected?

A

Injected directly to area.

56
Q

What is the function of anesthetic lidocaine?

A

Inhibits the initiation and conduction of neural impulses thereby, effecting local anesthetic action

57
Q

What are the adverse effects of lidocaine (anesthetic)?

A

Flushing, itching and warming at site of application/injection. Bruising, bleeding, pain, burning or swelling at the application site (less common)

58
Q

What are the 2 types of general anesthetics?

A
  1. Pentothal
  2. Diprivan
59
Q

What is the generic name for Pentothal?

A

Thiopental sodium

60
Q

What is the generic name for Diprivan?

A

Propofol

61
Q

What is Thiopental sodium used for?

A

Slow CNS activity, causes sense of relaxation

62
Q

What is Propofol used for?

A

Same effect as pentothal + sedation. Stop seizures and used during reduction of dislocations.

63
Q

What are the adverse effects of Pentothal?

A

Bronchospasm, drowsiness, slow heartbeat

64
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diprivan?

A

Mild itching, fast or slow heartbeat, slight burning of stinging around the IV injection site, light headedness, shallow breathing.

65
Q

How are Anticoagulants administered?

A

Orally or parenterally

66
Q

What are the functions of Anticoagulants

A
  1. Inhibit clotting of blood or increase coagulation time.
  2. Used before surgical and imaging procedures to prevent thrombus formation.
  3. Used to keep IV lines and arterial catheters open during procedures.
67
Q

What are the two Anticoagulants?

A

Heparin, Coumadin

68
Q

What is the generic name for Heparin?

A

Heparin sodium

69
Q

What is the generic name for Coumadin?

A

Warfarin

70
Q

What is Heparin used for?

A

Inhibits formation of fibrin clots, used to maintain potency of venous catheters.

71
Q

What are the adverse affects of Heparin?

A

-Hemorrhage,
-Thrombocytopenia (deficiency of platelets)

72
Q

What is Coumadin/Warfarin used for?

A

Prevention of emboli (travelling thrombus).

73
Q

What are the adverse effects for Coumadin/Warfarin?

A

Hemorrhage, hematuria (blood in urine)

74
Q

How are antihistamines administered?

A

Administered orally, IM or IV.

75
Q

What is the function of antihistamines?

A

Treatment of allergic reaction by binding to receptors that histamines (released during allergic reactions) would normally bind to thereby, blocking histamines from causing a reaction.

76
Q

What is the generic name for Benadryl?

A

Diphenhydramine

77
Q

What is Diphenhydramine/Benadryl used for?

A

Treat anaphylaxis, allergic reaction symptoms such as acute urticaria and edema. Also used for motion sickness, nausea.

78
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diphenhydramine/Benadryl?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea.

79
Q

Buscopan is an example of what kind of drug?

A

Anti-peristaltic drugs

80
Q

What is the generic name for Buscopan?

A

Hyoscine Butylbromide, Scopolamine Butylbromide

81
Q

What is the generic name for GlucaGen?

A

Glucagon

82
Q

GlucaGen is an example of what kind of drug?

A

Antispasmodic

83
Q

What is the function of Antispasmodic drugs?

A
  1. Relaxes smooth muscle
  2. Increases blood glucose levels (Contraindicated in diabetics)
84
Q

How are Anti-peristaltics administered?

A

IV or IM administration

85
Q

When should you not use Anti-peristaltic drugs for imaging exams?

A

In patients with history of bowel obstruction, arrhythmia and urinary retention from prostate hypertrophy.

86
Q

Why are Anti-peristaltic drugs used in imaging?

A

Exams that require the bowel to be paralyzed temporarily

87
Q

What is an adverse effect of Antispasmodic drugs?

A

Increases blood glucose levels-Contraindicated in diabetics

88
Q

What are the adverse effects for Anti-peristaltic drugs?

A

May cause reversible blurred vision and dry mouth.

89
Q

What is the use for Anti-peristaltics? How does it work?

A

Smooth muscle relaxant, blocks the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and used for the treatment of GI cramps/muscular spasms and imaging proceedures

90
Q

Lasix and HydroDIURIL
are examples of what kind of drug?

A

Diuretic drugs

91
Q

What is the generic name for Lasix?

A

Furosemide

92
Q

What is the generic name for HydroDIURIL?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (first line Rx for hypertension)

93
Q

What are diuretics used for?

A

1.Hypertension
2. Pulmonary edema
3. Congestive heart failure
4. Used in CT Urograms

94
Q

What is the function of diuretics?

A

Reduces blood volume (through water excretion by the kidneys)

95
Q

What is Lactated ringers solution used for?

A

To restore fluid volume and electrolytes in cases of severe blood loss

96
Q

How is Lactated ringers solution administered?

A

IV

97
Q

What are Vasodilators used for? How does it work?

A

Used to treat congestive heart failure, angina and hypertension. Relaxes the walls of blood vessels, permitting greater blood flow.

Patient Management 2 (11 decks)

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