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histology > unit 10 > Flashcards

unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nephron? what does it do?

A

functional unit of the kidney
renal corpuscle + renal tubule
produces urines

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2
Q

what is the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerulus + bowman’s capsule

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3
Q

what is the renal tubule

A

proximal convoluted tubule
proximal straight tubule
thin limb of loop of Henle
distal straight tubule
distal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

what is the collecting system

A

connecting tubule
collecting duct
papillary duct

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5
Q

what is the nephrovascular unit

A

nephron and associated vasculature

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

what are the kidneys covered by?

A

a connective tissue capsule composed of two layer: outer and inner

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8
Q

outer layer of renal capsule

A

dense, irregular connective tissue with abundant collagen fiber and fibroblasts

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9
Q

inner layer of renal capsule

A

cellular layer with myofibroblasts and some collagen fiber

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10
Q

what does the renal cortex contain?

A

renal corpuscles
proximal and distal convoluted tubules
portions of proximal and distal straight tubules
connecting tubules
collecting ducts
small amounts of interstitum
fibroblasts
extensive vascular supply

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11
Q

how is the renal cortex organized

A

as medullary rays and cortical labyrinths

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12
Q

what are medullary rays

A

parallel arrays of straight tubules and a collecting duct traveling perpendicular to capsule
each centered around a collecting duct

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13
Q

what are cortical labyrinths

A

regions containing renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules

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14
Q

what does the renal medulla contain?

A

portions of proximal and distal straight tubules of the nephrons
thin limbs of loop of Henle
collecting ducts
vasa recta (capillary network parallel to straight tubules)
robust interstitium

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15
Q

where do loops of Henle project?

A

most of the time, part way into medulla
sometimes, deeps into medulla

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16
Q

what do tubules in the renal medulla form?

A

conical structures call renal pyramids, which are subdivided into outer and inner medulla

17
Q

renal pyramids directions

A

apical portions face renal sinus, base faces renal cortex

18
Q

how are renal pyramids separated?

A

by medullary extensions of the cortex called renal columns

19
Q

what are renal columns?

A

which consist of cortex components and help to anchor the medullary and cortical regions

20
Q

what is the outer zone of the renal medulla?

A

part of the medulla nearest to the cortex
divided into outer and inner stripe

21
Q

outer stripe

A

contains part of the proximal and distal straight tubules and superficial part of medullary collecting duct

22
Q

inner stripe

A

contains part of distal straight tubule, some thin segments of loop on Henle, part of medullar collecting duct

23
Q

inner zone of renal medulla

A

deepest part of medulla includes apex of pyramid
contains thin segments of loop of Henle and deepest portions of medullary collecting duct

24
Q

what make up kidney lobes

A

renal pyramid
cortical tissue at its base
adjacent cortical tissue of each renal column

25
Q

what does the number of lobes in a kidney equal

A

number of pyramids

26
Q

what are the cortical portions of kidney lobes divides into?

A

lobules

27
Q

what make up the kidney lobules?

A

medullary ray and surrounding cortical labyrinth
they are the renal secretory unit

28
Q

what parts of kidney lobules are easily seen and not easily seen?

A

center is easily seen by medullary rays
boundaries between lobules not easily seen

29
Q

what is the glomerulus? how does blood enter it?

A

twisted mass of fenestrated capillaries surrounded by basal lamina produced by endothelial cells
in via afferent arterioles, out via efferent

30
Q

where does the glomerular capillary bed reside?
what does this result in?

A

between two high resistance vessels
high hydrostatic pressure in capillaries forces fluid & solutes OUT via capillary fenestrations

histology (15 decks)

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