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(bio year 1) 2.2 biological molecules > 2.2.11 inorganic ions > Flashcards

2.2.11 inorganic ions Flashcards

1
Q

name the key inorganic ions involved in biological processes - cations

A
  • calcium
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • hydrogen
  • ammonium
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2
Q

name the key inorganic ions involved in biological processes - anions

A
  • nitrate
  • hydrogencarbonate
  • chloride
  • phosphate
  • hydroxide
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3
Q

molecular formula of calcium

A

Ca2+

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4
Q

molecular formula of sodium

A

Na+

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5
Q

molecular formula of potassium

A

K+

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6
Q

molecular formula of hydrogen

A

H+

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7
Q

molecular formula of ammonium

A

NH4+

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8
Q

molecular formula of nitrate

A

NO3-

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9
Q

molecular formula of hydrogencarbonate

A

HCO3-

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10
Q

molecular formula of chloride

A

Cl-

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11
Q

molecular formula of phosphate

A

PO4 3-

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12
Q

molecular formula of hydroxide

A

OH-

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13
Q

how is calcium involved in key biological processes

A
  • increase rigidity of bone, teeth & cartilage
  • component of exoskeleton of crustaceans
  • activator for several enzymes eg. lipase
  • stimulates muscle contraction & regulates transmission of nerve impulses
  • regulates permeability of cell membranes
  • important for cell wall development in plants & formation of middle lamella
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14
Q

where’s the middle lamella found

A

between cell walls

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15
Q

how is sodium involved in key biological processes

A
  • involved in regulation of osmotic pressure, control of water levels in body fluid & maintenance of pH
  • affects absorption of carbohydrate in intestine & water in kidney
  • contributes to nervous transmission & muscle contraction
  • constituent of vacuole in plants
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16
Q

how is potassium involved in key biological processes

A
  • involved in control of water levels in body fluid & maintenance of pH
  • assists active transport of materials across cell membrane
  • involved in synthesis of glycogen/protein & breakdown of glucose
  • generates healthy leaves/flowers in flowering plants
  • contributes to nervous transmission & muscle contraction
  • component of vacuoles in plants
17
Q

how is hydrogen involved in key biological processes

A
  • involved in photosynthesis & respiration
  • involved in transport of oxygen/carbon dioxide in blood
  • involved in regulation of blood pH
18
Q

how is ammonium involved in key biological processes

A
  • component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins & chlorophyll
  • some hormones are made of proteins eg. insulin
  • essential component of amino acids
  • involved in maintenance of pH in (human) body
  • component of nitrogen cycle
19
Q

how is nitrate involved in key biological processes

A
  • component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins & chlorophyll
  • essential component of nucleic acids
  • some hormones made of proteins containing nitrogen eg. insulin
  • component of nitrogen cycle
20
Q

how is hydrogencarbonate involved in key biological processes

A
  • involved in regulation of blood pH
  • involved in transport of carbon dioxide in/out of blood
21
Q

how is chloride involved in key biological processes

A
  • helps in production of urine in kidney (maintain water balance)
  • involved in transport of carbon dioxide in/out of blood
  • regylates affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen through allosteric effects on haemoglobin molecule
  • involved in regulation of blood pH
  • used to produce hydrochloric acid in stomach
22
Q

how is phosphate involved in key biological processes

A
  • increases rigidity of bone, teeth & cartilage
  • component of exoskeleton of crustaceans
  • component of phospholipids, ATP, nucleic acids & several important enymes
  • involved in regulation of blood pH
  • helps root growth in plants
23
Q

how is hydroxide involved in key biological processes

A
  • involved in regulation of blood pH

(bio year 1) 2.2 biological molecules (16 decks)

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