Urinary Bladder

Question 1

what cavity is it found in

Answer 1

pelvic cavity

Question 2

what is the position dependent on

Answer 2

urine volume, when distending it rises the the abdominal cavity

Question 3

what cells is it made from

Answer 3

transitional epithelium

Question 4

female relations

Answer 4

post: upper vagina, uterus
ant: pubis symphysis
sup: SI
inf: urethra and pelvic floor muscles

Question 5

male relations

Answer 5

post: rectum and SV
ant: pubis symphysis
sup: SI
inf: urethra and prostate gland

Question 6

neck

Answer 6

bladder opens into the urethra at the lowest pint

Question 7

is the bladder retroperitoneal

Answer 7

yes
only covers the superior surface, before it turns upwards as the parietal peritoneum, curving with the anterior abdominal wall
posteriorly it covers the rectum in males and uterus in females

Question 8

outer layer

Answer 8

loose connective issue with blood, lymphatic vessels and nerves covered on the peritoneum surface

Question 9

middle layer

Answer 9

smooth muscle interlaces with loosely arranged elastic fibres in three layers - detrusor muscle
contractions cause the bladder to empty

Question 10

inner

Answer 10

transitional epithelium, which permits distension as the bladder fills
rug gradually disappears as it fills

Question 11

trigone

Answer 11

composed of three orifice in the bladder wall
two upper orifices on the post wall are openings of ureters
lower orifice is the opening into the urethra
oblique angle prevents back flow

Question 12

internal urethral sphincter

Answer 12

thickening of urethral smooth muscle of the detrusor muscle, seals the bladder
controls the outflow of urine
not under voluntary control

Question 13

ureter

Answer 13

urine taken from kidney to bladder

Question 14

median umbilical ligament

Answer 14

stabilises the bladder as well as the lateral umbilical ligament

Question 15

urethra

Answer 15

extends from the bladder neck to the exterior at the external urethral orifice

Question 16

female urethra

Answer 16

runs downwards and forwards behind the pubis symphysis and opens at the external urethral orifice, guarded by the external urethral sphincter, under voluntary control

Question 17

what is the female urethra composed of

Answer 17

outer muscle layer and inner mucosal layer which is continuous with the bladder
muscle layer has a inner smooth muscle layer under autonomic nerve control and an outer layer of striated muscle surrounding it. the striated muscle forms the external urethral sphincter under voluntary control
mucosa is supposed loosely by fibroelastic connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 18

prox part of urethra is composed of

Answer 18

transitional epithelium

Question 19

dist part of urethra is composed of

Answer 19

stratified epithelium