lymphatics system

Question 1

what are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

removes overflow of extracellular fluid

absorbs fats

immunity

Question 2

what pressure pushes fluids out of the arterioles

Answer 2

hydrostatic pressure

Question 3

how much overflow extracellular fluid drains into the lymphatic system

Answer 3

3-4l

Question 4

what 3 substances are contained in lymphatic fluid

Answer 4

leaked plasma protein

bacteria

cell debris

Question 5

where does the beginning of lymphatic build generation begin

Answer 5

capillary beds

Question 6

how is tissue fluid formed

Answer 6

in the capillary beds the hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end is greater than the pressure outside so it forces water, solutes and hydrophilic molecules out

Question 7

what feature of the lymph vessels make it easy for fluid to enter

Answer 7

endothelial flaps

Question 8

how many litres of fluid is produced in the capillary beds daily

Answer 8

21

Question 9

what prevents back flow of lymphatic fluid

Answer 9

lymph nodes

Question 10

how do lymph nodes act as immunological filters

Answer 10

they contain lymphocytes which kill pathogens

Question 11

where do lymph nose deposit the build back into the system

Answer 11

subclavicular veins

Question 12

what are the 2 lymphatic trunks that all lymph vessels converge into

Answer 12

right lymphatic duct

thoracic duct

Question 13

what do you call in swelling of the inferior portion of the thoracic duct

Answer 13

cisterna chyli

Question 14

the body is divided into 4 quadrants, what sections do either of the lymphatic trunks drain

Answer 14

right lymphatic trunk only drains the right upper quadrant

the thoracic duct drains the top left and both lower quadrants

Question 15

what does the lymph nodes drain into in the right lymphatic trunk?

Answer 15

right venous angle
( angle in-between the right subclavicular vein and right internal jugular vein)

Question 16

why do lymph nodes follow the arteries

Answer 16

the pulsatile nature of the arteries helps push the lymph forward

Question 17

where does fat absorption occur

Answer 17

in the intestines

Question 18

what are villi

Answer 18

projections of gut epithelia that give increased surface area for more nutrient absorption

Question 19

fatty acids in the venous system can cause damage, what does the lymph nodes help do

Answer 19

absorbed by lymphatic system in lacteals

the format of the fatty acids are packaged in chylomicrons (which can be safely transported in venous system)

chylomicrons travel through lymphatic system and then dumped back into venous system in safe manner

Question 20

what is chylothorax

Answer 20

leaking of chylomicrons from the lymphatic system/thoracix duct showing a milky white colour/consolidation

Question 21

what white blood cells does the lymphatic system make

Answer 21

lymphocytes
start off as pro lymphocytes that develop in bone marroe

Question 22

what 2 types of lymphocytes are they matured into

Answer 22

B cells and t cells

Question 23

where do the b and T cells go to fight pathogens

Answer 23

secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 24

whats the difference between b and T cells when they fight pathogens

Answer 24

B cells= trigger antibody-mediated response (release antibodies to fight)

T-cells= trigger cell-mediated response ( use pathogens and cytokines to fight)

Question 25

what are the 3 functions of the spleen

Answer 25

store blood

filters out broken RBC

immune response for blood infections

Question 26

how does the spleen remove broken RBC

Answer 26

forces RBC through tight spaces and those that cant get filtered out

Question 27

how much blood can be stored in the spleen

Answer 27

350 ml

Question 28

what features of the spleen filters RBC and contains the lymphocytes etc

Answer 28

red pulp= filters abc

white pulp= contains lympocytes

Question 29

what ribs do the spleen typically lie behind

Answer 29

9-11

Question 30

where is the thymus (primary lymphoid tissue in body) located

Answer 30

anterior to the great vessels but posterior to the sternum

Question 31

why can we only see the thymus on kids not adults

Answer 31

lymphocytes from bone marrow migrate to thymus when we r born to mature into T cells

once all T cells are made, they divide and proliferate amongst themselves
(this process is passed down generations so thymus isnt needed anymore)

thymus function decreases with age and turns to fat and fat cant be seen on xrays (involution)

Question 32

what is involution

Answer 32

thymus function decreases with age and turns to fat and fat cant be seen on xrays

Question 33

what is lymphodema

Answer 33

damage to lymphatic system which causes swelling