Micro Organism

Question 1

Saprophyte and parasite

Answer 1

*free living organism in dead and decaying matter.Normally no no infection but cause disease when defense mechanism is lowered

*lives in host and derives food from thehist without harming the host

Question 2

Commensal

Answer 2

Cmplte harmony without causing any harm to hist
Eg,staphylococcus(skin)

Question 3

Pathogen

Answer 3

Micro organism causing disease in host

Question 4

Opportunistic pathogen

Answer 4

Commensal/pathogen
When host resistance is low, it cause disease

Question 5

Pathogenisity

Answer 5

Ability to cause infection

Question 6

Virulence

Answer 6

Degree of pathogenesity

Question 7

How microbe cause infection

Answer 7

Entering and multiplication in the body

Question 8

Types of infection -5

Answer 8

-1o,initial infectionin a host with a parasite
-Reinfection, subsequent infection by same parasite
-2o ,when body resistance low due to pre existing infectious disease,new parasite cause infection
-Cross infection ,patient already suffering from a disease acquire infection from another host
-nosocofial, hospital acquired

Question 9

Another 5 infection

Answer 9

-inatrogenic,physician induced infection resulting in truck therapy or investigative procedures
-subclinical, when clinical symptoms are not cleanly visible
-latent,parasite remains in hidden state in host which proliferate and shows clinical symptoms when host immunity is lowered
-atypical, clinical symptoms/manifestation of a particular disease is absent

Question 10

Transmission of infection

Answer 10

Reservoir or source of infection -human,soil,insect,water or inanimate in which parasite lives and multiplies
2 types, exo and endo

Question 11

Endogenous reservoir

Answer 11

Organism of normal flora occasionally pathogenic normally non pathogenic
Eg,staphylococcus, e.coli

Question 12

Exogenous reservoir

Answer 12

Human cases,carriers, animals,insect,soil, water and food

Question 13

Carrier. Different types

Answer 13

Harvest pathogenic organism without suffering from its ill effects
Types
*healthy -carries pathogenic but not affects from it
*condolence-recovered from infection but continue carrying organism
Depending on duration
*temporary- stay for less than 6 months
*chronic -for several years or even rest of one’s life
*paradox-accure pathogen from another carrier
*contact -accure pathogen from a patient

Question 14

Reservoir from animal

Answer 14

Source-animals
Assymptamatic but act as reservoir of human infection known as reservoir host

Zoonotic disease-infectious disease transmitted from animal to man
Eg,helminthic, bacterial, viral,fungal,protozoan

Question 15

Insects causing infection

Answer 15

Mosquito, ticks,flies,mice

Question 16

Arthropone born disease

Answer 16

Transmitted from insects to man

Question 17

Vectors. Type

Answer 17

Insect transmitting disease
1,mechanical- carries on legs,wings and body and transmit to body eg,fly
2,Biological -through sucking and biting
Pathogen multiplies in the body
Eg,mosquito-malaria, filaria

Question 18

Soil and water as reservoir

Answer 18

Soil-some remains in soil for so long
Eg,spores of tetanus, gas gangrene bacteria in soil for decades and acts as a source of infection

Water-contamination by various pathogen
Eg,cholera, vibrio, hepatitis

Question 19

Food as reservoir

Answer 19

Contamination of food
Eg,gastroentritis , food poisoning, diarrhea, dysentery