Forces on electrons

Question 1

What is an electrostatic force?

Answer 1

The forces between an electron and another factor, is known as an electrostatic force.

Question 2

How many total factors that affect electrostatic forces are there?

Answer 2

3.

Question 3

What is the factor number 1. and explain it.

Answer 3

Nuclear charge - This is the number of protons in the nucleus.

The more protons, the higher the attraction between the electron and the protons.

Question 4

discuss the trend across a period and down a group, in terms of nuclear charge.

Answer 4

As we go across a period, the nuclear charge increses by 1.

As we go down a group, the nuclear charge increases by more than 1.

Question 5

What is the factor number 2? and explain it.

Answer 5

Distance from the nucleus (atomic radius).

The longer the distance between electron and nucleus, the weaker the force.

Question 6

discuss the trend across a period and down a group, in terms of distance from nucleus.

Answer 6

1. period: As we go across a period, the nuclear charge increases, therefore , the distance between the nucleus and he ouer electrons, decreass as well.
2. group; As we go down a group, the distance between the nucleus and the outer shell electrons, increase. This is because electrons occupy a new shell, which is further away from the nucleus.

Question 7

What is factor number 3? And explain it.

Answer 7

Repulsion between electrons, cancels out some of the attraction an electron experiences towars a proton filled nucleus.

Question 8

What are the 3 rules when it comes to shielding?

Answer 8

1. An electron, in a shell, closer to the nucleus, shields the charge of one proton.
2. An electron, in the SAME shell, shields a small ammount of nuclear charge.
3. An electron in a shell further away from the nucleus, does shield charge at all.

Question 9

discuss the trend across a period and down a group, in terms of distance from nucleus.

Answer 9

PERIOD: as we move across a period, the number of inner electrons, stays the same. The number of outer electrons, increases. This means that the ammount of shielding across a period is barely changed at all.

group:As we move down a group, the number of inner electrons, increases. The number of outer electrons stays the same. This means that the ammount of shielding down a group, increases significantly.

Question 10

Check summary tables on goodnotes 5, at the end of chapter.