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geography > London > Flashcards

London Flashcards

1
Q

what is a megacity?

A

a city with over 10 million inhabitants

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2
Q

what is urbanisation?

A

the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas (towns and cities)

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3
Q

why does urbanisation occur? (naturally)

A

natural increase

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4
Q

why does urbanisation occur? (economic)

A

economic growth attracts people- cities that trade are a good place for business

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5
Q

why does urbanisation occur? (rural-urban)

A

rural urban migration- most migrant are young- move to get jobs and a better education

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6
Q

what are some push factors for migration?

A

poverty
lack of safety
civil war
drought

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7
Q

what are some pull factors for migration?

A

more fertile land
good climate
safer- less crime

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8
Q

what is birth rate?

A

number of births per 1000 people per year

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9
Q

what is death rate?

A

how many people die per 1000 people per year

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10
Q

when do we get natural decrease?

A

when birth rate is less than death rate

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11
Q

when do we get natural increase?

A

when death rate is less than birth rate

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12
Q

what is the definition of distribution?

A

the way in which something is spread over an area

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13
Q

what is population density?

A

a measurement of the number of people in an area

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14
Q

how is population density calculated?

A

dividing the number of people by the area

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15
Q

what is population density usually referred to as?

A

the number of people per square kilometre

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16
Q

places that are sparsely populated…

A

contain few people

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17
Q

places that are densely populated…

A

contain many people

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18
Q

what is London’s location?

A

South-East England
North-West Europe
North of the world

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19
Q

what is London’s population?

A

9,748,000

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20
Q

London is the world’s x largest capital city (2018)?

A

14th

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21
Q

what are the major airports in London?

A

LHR, LGW and Stanstead

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22
Q

how many passengers were there from LHR in 2018?

A

78 million

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23
Q

how many tourists did London have in 2017?

A

30 million

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24
Q

how much of the UK’s GDP does London contribute to?

A

30%

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25
Q

how much more do Londoner’s earn than the UK average?

A

23%

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26
Q

what percentage of Londoners have a degree?

A

60%

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27
Q

London is home to how many of the head offices of the 250 largest companies?

A

15 e.g. HSBC

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28
Q

how many jobs were there in London in 2012?

A

5 million

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29
Q

how many Londoners do not speak English at home?

A

2 million

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30
Q

how much of London is green space?

A

40%- greenest city in the world

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31
Q

what has happened to our tax due to migration?

A

it has gone down

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32
Q

how many immigrants claim benefits in comparison to UK residents?

A

1 in 20 immigrants claim benefits
1 in 10 UK residents claim benefits

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33
Q

when were the London Riots?

A

6th August 2011- 11th August 2011

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34
Q

why did the London Riots happen?

A

after police shot Mark Duggan on 4th August

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35
Q

what were the consequences of the London Riots?

A

looting, arson, deaths of 5 people

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36
Q

where did the worst rioting take place in London during the London Riots?

A

Hackney, Peckham, Brixton

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37
Q

what is Southall often referred to as?

A

Little India

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38
Q

Southall has been a South Asian hub since when?

A

the 1950’s

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39
Q

why is Southall attractive to many?

A

Indian architecture
food, drinks
religious- temples
shops selling saris
Indian cooking

40
Q

where is the largest Chinese new year celebration outside of Asia?

A

London

41
Q

where is Chinatown?

A

right in the heart of Picadilly Circus

42
Q

what does cultural mix mean?

A

how well mixed different cultures are within a society

43
Q

what is multiculturalism?

A

a country or place that has more than one culture living together

44
Q

what are the challenges of London’s cultural mix?

A

conversing in English
poor cultural groups living in poor parts of the city

45
Q

what are the advantages of London’s cultural mix?

A

competitions can be held for the most culturally developed areas- London Borough of Culture Competition

46
Q

what are some examples of recreation and entertainment in London?

A

British Museum
National Gallery
Houses of Parliament
Buckingham Palace

47
Q

what is an integrated transport system?

A

a transport system in which all modal transport is linked together to allow easy access to all transport

48
Q

what is an example of London’s integrated transport system?

A

the Oyster Card- allows London citizens to travel on the majority of transport lines- the lines in London range from the bus system to the underground and the overground

49
Q

what is urban greening?

A

the increase of the amount and proportion of green spaces within a city

50
Q

how does London provide for urban greening?

A

creating rooftop green spaces
huge range of green spaces open to the public people

51
Q

what is social deprivation?

A

the degree to which a person or a community lacks the things essential for a decent life, including money, housing and services

52
Q

what is urban sprawl?

A

the growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside

53
Q

what are commuter settlements?

A

places where people live and travel elsewhere for life

54
Q

what are Green Belt spaces?

A

open spaces (of land) around cities on which there are strict planning controls to prevent urban development in the countryside, and further building development is not allowed

55
Q

what are advantages of Brownfield sites?

A

reduces the need for urban sprawl
public transport is better in urban areas- less need for cars

56
Q

what is an advantage of Greenfield sites?

A

no demolition or decontamination is needed

57
Q

how many athletes were there during the 2012 Olympics?

A

11,000

58
Q

how many tickets were sold at the 2012 London Olympics?

A

11 million

59
Q

Newham is the …. most deprived borough in London?

A

3rd

60
Q

what was the Dockland Regeneration Scheme?

A

funded by £10 billion of private investment
created 25,000 new homes
New City Airport
the Dockland Light Railway to link the Docklands to the City of London

61
Q

Newham has what kind of community?

A

the youngest and most diverse communities in London

62
Q

what are Newham’s residents like?

A

7/10 are from ethnically diverse communities- speaking over 220 languages and dialects

63
Q

how much of the population is under 25 years old?

A

over 1/3

64
Q

what is the New Construction College and why was it needed?

A

a college to teach people how to work in the construction industry
needed because building the Olympic Park will need many skilled people but people in Newham don’t have the correct skills- also needed to provide jobs for the unemployed

65
Q

how much of the materials gained from demolishing and cleaning old industrial sites were re-used?

A

90%

66
Q

where is the Olympic Park located?

A

East London- North of the River Thames

67
Q

why was the Lower Lea Valley in need of regeneration?

A

there were many patches of unused, abandoned land which was overgrown and highly contaminated with dangerous and toxic chemicals
many of the industries/ businesses were old

68
Q

what has gone in the Lower Lea Valley?

A

the old factories, industrial estates and homes
contaminated soil and polluted waterways
derelict and overgrown sites

69
Q

what has appeared in the Lower Lea Valley?

A

Aquatics Centre
stadium
velodrome
Athlete’s village

70
Q

what is Here East?

A

the new name for the Media Centre- 5000 jobs

71
Q

how many hectares of open space does the Queen Elizabeth Park have?

A

over 100 hectares of open space

72
Q

what is the East Village?

A

the new name for the Athletes Village- provides 2,800 homes for local people and newcomers

73
Q

what are the International Quarters?

A

a new commercial development of high- rise offices which will employ 25,000 people

74
Q

how many people did Westfield Stratford City employ?

A

10,000 people

75
Q

what was good about the Aquatics Centre and Velopark?

A

two new sports venues open to the public and used by schools

76
Q

how did the regeneration help children?

A

a new school opened- Chobham Academy

77
Q

what was a con of the Olympic Park (housing)?

A

properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site- 450 Housing Association flats were torn down for example

78
Q

what was a pro of the Olympic Park (transport)?

A

Stratford got a tube station to help connect it to the rest of London

79
Q

how much investment did the Olympics bring into East London?

A

£9 billion

80
Q

how much extra income for the UK economy did LLoyd’s bank estimate the Olympics will generate?

A

£10 billion

81
Q

how much did the Olympic Park and how much was it meant to cost?

A

meant to cost £701 million pounds- almost 3 times the original estimate

82
Q

how much was the total bill for the Olympics?

A

£8.77 billion of tax payers money- £5 billion over budget

83
Q

what were the stadiums made out of?

A

25% recycled materials

84
Q

what was the Olympic Site built on?

A

built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land- property that was neglected, unused and contaminated

85
Q

how much CO2 did the games produce?

A

3.3 million tonnes of CO2

86
Q

how much wildlife was relocated?

A

4,000 smooth newts, 100 toads and 300 common lizards were moved by the Olympic Delivery Authority

87
Q

what is a sustainable city?

A

a city that can meet its needs without making it more difficult for future generations to meet their needs

88
Q

what is an ecological footprint?

A

the area or land or seas that is needed to produce all the inputs a city uses and to dispose of its outputs

89
Q

what is an example of a water conservation scheme?

A

encouraging people to use less water e.g. by turning off taps while brushing teeth

90
Q

what is an example of an energy conservation scheme?

A

promoting renewable energy sources (wind, solar, tidal) over traditional coal/ gas fired power stations

91
Q

what is an example of creating green space?

A

they reduce air pollution by creating pockets of clean air

92
Q

what is an example of waste recycling?

A

websites e.g. Freecycle- items are offered for free so they can be used by others instead of being thrown away

93
Q

how many passengers does the Underground take everyday?

A

3 million passengers

94
Q

what stops buses from being stuck in traffic?

A

bus priority lanes

95
Q
A

geography (15 decks)

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