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geography > types of glacial landforms > Flashcards

types of glacial landforms Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pyramidal peak?

A

three-sided pointed mountain peak

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2
Q

when are pyramidal peaks formed?

A

when 3 or more back-to-back glaciers carve away at the top of the mountain- creates a sharply pointed mountain summit

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3
Q

what is an example of a pyramidal peak?

A

Snowdon- Wales

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4
Q

what type of ridges does an arete have?

A

knife-edge, steep-sided ridges

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5
Q

when are aretes formed?

A

when 2 corries develop side by side

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6
Q

what gives the arete its jagged profile?

A

as each corrie erode either side of the ridge, the edges become steeper and the ridge becomes narrower

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7
Q

what is an example of an arete?

A

Striding Edge in the Lake District

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8
Q

where are corries formed?

A

in hollows where snow can accumulate- on North facing slopes

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9
Q

what is a corrie?

A

a bowl-shaped hollow- with a steep back wall and ridges- forming an armchair shape around a hollow, containing a small round lake called a tarn

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10
Q

explain how a corrie forms and changes over time (4 marks)?

A

dip in the north facing slope fills with water
overtime, scree from freeze-thaw weathering provides abrasive material for the base of the small glacier to erode a deeper hollow via abrasion
the back wall is made steeper because of plucking from the ice at the back of the glacier
the corrie has become deeper with a steeper back wall and a lip at the front of deposited material

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11
Q

what is a tarn lake also known as?

A

a corrie loch

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12
Q

what is a tarn lake?

A

a mountain pool or lake in a corrie after the glacier has melted

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13
Q

how is the meltwater held in place in a tarn lake?

A

because of the corrie lip at the bottom end, the meltwater is held in place and a circular body of water is formed

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14
Q

what are truncated spurs past?

A

past interlocking spur edges of past river action that have been cut- off forming cliff-like edges on the valley side

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15
Q

where are truncated spurs found?

A

found between hanging valleys and an inverted v shape

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16
Q

when are truncated spurs formed?

A

when past ridges/spurs are cut off by the lower valley glacier as it moves past

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17
Q

what is the formation of a truncated spur?

A

as the glacier moves down the valley it plucks the rock from beneath and those rocks then rub against the bed of the valley,eroding it further- this deepens and widens the valley
at the front end of the glacier it acts as a bulldozer shifting and removing soil, plucking rock from interlocking spurs and truncating them

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18
Q

when is an interlocking spur created?

A

created as a river erodes the upper valley as it cuts down into the rock and meanders in and out of the surrounding rock

19
Q

when is this rock removed from interlocking spurs?

A

during glaciation- removed by descending ice sheets

20
Q

what is a hanging valley?

A

a small tributary glacier found hanging above the main valley floor

21
Q

what happens to hanging valleys when melting occurs?

A

there are waterfalls onto the valley floor

22
Q

what is an example of a hanging valley?

A

Cwm Dyli in Snowdonia

23
Q

what is an example of a tarn?

A

Red Tarn in Lake District

24
Q

what is a ribbon lake?

A

a long, thin lake

25
Q

how is a ribbon lake formed?

A

as a glacier flows it travels over hard and softer rock
softer rock is less resistant to erosion so a glacier will carve a deeper trough over this type of rock
when the glacier has melted, water collects in these deeper areas
creates a long, thin lake called a ribbon lake

26
Q

what is an example of a ribbon lake?

A

Lake Windemere in the Lake District

27
Q

what are areas of harder rock left behind called?

A

rock steps

28
Q

what is moraine?

A

unsorted glacial till that is deposited in mounds

29
Q

what are the 4 types of moraine?

A

terminal, lateral, medial and ground

30
Q

what is terminal moraine?

A

material deposited at the snout of the glacier

31
Q

what is lateral moraine?

A

material that is deposited along both sides of the glacier

32
Q

what is medial moraine?

A

ridge of deposited material in the middle where 2 glaciers meet and continue to flow downhill together

33
Q

what is ground moraine?

A

material dragged under the base of the glacier and deposited over a wide area on the valley floor

34
Q

what is a drumlin?

A

an elongated, egg-shaped hill made out of glacial till

35
Q

when do drumlins form?

A

beneath the glacier when the glacier meets an obstruction and material is deposited as ground moraine
the moraine is then shaped by the moving ice which follows the direction of the flow of ice

36
Q

what are multiple drumlins known as?

A

swarms/basket of eggs

37
Q

how does the material forms a round, blunt and steep front end?

A

as the material is deposited

38
Q

what creates the lee slope?

A

the flow of ice over the top of the drumlin drags the material along and down-creating the lee slope

39
Q

what is an erratic?

A

random rocks of different sizes and types from the area they are found

40
Q

do erratics have a pattern?

A

no pattern- they look out of place

41
Q

how do erratics form?

A

glaciers pick up large rocks and carry them hundreds of km away from where they originated

42
Q

how are erratics carried?

A

carried deep in the ice and do not erode the same as rocks at the edge of the glacier

43
Q

what is an example of an erratic?

A

Great Stone of Fourstones

geography (15 decks)

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