Urinary system Flashcards
Identify the following structures of the nephron: Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule (collecting duct).
A = Renal Vein (Carries oxygenated depleted blood)
B = Renal Artery (Carries oxygenated blood)
C = Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
D = Afferent Arteriole
E = Glomerulus
F = Efferent Arteriole
G = Bowman’s Capsule
H = Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
I = Collecting Tubule
J = Descending Limb of Loop of Henle
K = Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
L = Loop of Henle
Identify the contents of urine.
95% water and 5% solutes
Explain the role of the kidney in the elimination of nitrogenous waste.
The kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes, urea, and ammonia. Urea is the main excretory product filtered and excreted from the blood by the kidneys. Ammonia is mostly converted into urea in the liver and excreted in the urine.
12.1 Review the distribution of fluid and electrolytes within the different compartments of the body.
12.2 Describe the regulation of electrolyte balance including compensatory mechanisms.
Discuss the role of the kidney in the regulation of pH.
· Acid-base regulation is one of the most important roles of the kidneys.
· pH is normally maintained using HCO3- buffer:
- The kidney maintains HCO3- concentrations in a normal range to regulate pH.
- The kidney can raise or lower HCO3- concentration to adapt to other changes in the body.
In the case of renal failure, patients become increasingly acidic, which causes a whole host of problems.
12.4 Describe the changes in fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance that may occur with aging.
What is the structure and function of the kidneys?
Structure:
The kidneys lie against the back muscles in the upper abdomen. They have a layer of fat that’s called the adipose capsule. An outer layer of fascia anchors the kidneys.
They have an outer layer called the cortex, a middle layer called the medulla, and an inner layer called the pelvis.
Function:
To filter the blood, remove waste and produce urine.
Describe the function of the renal pelvis.
A large cavity that collects the urine as it is produced.
Describe the ureters. Explain how urine travels through them.
The ureters are 2 long and slender muscular tubes that use peristalsis and gravity to move urine along. They extend from the kidneys.
Describe the function of the urinary bladder.
The urinary bladder is a temporary reservoir for urine and has many layers. It’s lined with mucous membrane and transitional epithelium. When it’s empty, the bladder has rugae.
Describe the structure and function of the urethra.
The urethra is the tube that extends from the bladder, leading to the outside of the body, allowing urine to pass out.
Why does low BP affect the kidneys?
It’s blood pressure that drives that filtration process.
Describe the internal anatomy of the kidney.
Describe the external anatomy of the kidney.
Outline the blood supply to the kidney.
Outline the nerve supply to the kidney.
Describe the physiological processes of filtration with reference to the nephron.