Key Words: Respiratory System

Question 1

Apnea

Answer 1

Absence of breathing

Question 2

Dyspnoea

Answer 2

Difficulty in breathing

Question 3

Tachypnoea

Answer 3

Fast breathing

Question 4

Laryngospasm

Answer 4

Narrowing of the larynx. This can fully close the airway and prevent breathing.

Question 5

Rhonchi

Answer 5

A low-pitched, gurgling sound heard on auscultation is typically caused by an obstruction in the airway, e.g. secretions.

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Question 6

Bronchospasm

Answer 6

Bronchi develop a spasm and constrict narrowing the airway.

Question 7

Stridor

Answer 7

inspiratory, harsh noise (created in the upper airway), generally very audible - commonly heard in children with croup

Question 8

Cor pulmonale

Answer 8

Abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of disease in the lungs and/or pulmonary blood vessels

Question 9

Epistaxis

Answer 9

Nose bleed

Question 10

Haemoptysis

Answer 10

Coughing up blood - usually red + frothy

Question 11

Hypercapnia

Answer 11

High levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

Question 12

Hypoxaemia

Answer 12

An abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood.

Question 13

Hypoxia

Answer 13

where part of the body is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply at tissue level, this can be through the whole body or just affecting one region of the body.

Question 14

Tidal volume

Answer 14

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath

Question 15

Cardiac output

Answer 15

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Question 16

Ventilation-perfusion (VQ) mismatch

Answer 16

An imbalance between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow - when part of your lung receives oxygen without blood flow or blood flow without oxygen

Question 17

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 17

blue bloater (cynosed + dysnoea / lack of exercise) - inflammation of the airways in the lungs.
Typically the small airways become blocked with secretions so the person develops a chronic cough.

Question 18

Emphysema

Answer 18

pink puffers (skinny / muscle wasting + prominent thoracic cage) - the lung loses elasticity + the airspaces increase in size which can destroy alveoli + the lungs hyperinflate to increase total lung capacity

Question 19

Hypoxic drive

Answer 19

A late homeostatic system is designed to increase respiration rate and depth (tidal volume) when the body’s arterial oxygen levels (SaO2) decrease significantly.

Question 20

Pneumonia

Answer 20

inflammation of the lungs