POLYSACCHARIDES Flashcards
what are three disaccharides
maltose
sucrose
lactose
which two monosaccharides form maltose
glucose
glucose
which two monosaccharides form sucrose
glucose
fructose
which two monosaccharides form lactose
glucose
galactose
how are disaccharides digested
glycosidic bond is broken
through a hydrolysis reaction
enzymes involved
what is starch
polysaccharide found in the form of small grains in plants
large amounts found in seeds and storage organs
major energy source
formed from many alpha glucose monomers linked via glycosidic bonds
how does starch’s structure relate to its function
can be hydrolysed easily- good for energy bursts as many monomers of glucose can be hydrolysed at once
what is glycogen
found in animals and bacteria
formed from many monomers of alpha glucose
shorter chains and more branches
mainly stored in muscles and liver
isn’t main long term storage in animals
how does glycogens structure relate to its function
insoluble- water isn’t drawn into cells via osmosis so doesn’t affect water potential
more highly branched- more ends available for enzymes to breakdown so more rapidly broken down into glucose so more glucose available for respiration
what is cellulose
formed from beta glucose
forms straight and unbranched chains
chains run parallel to each other allowing for hydrogen bonds to form cross linkages
overall high number of hydrogen bonds provide strength
how does celluloses structure relate to its function
long straight unbranched chains- provides rigidity which is required to provide support to a plant cell
cross linked chains held together by hydrogen bonds- provides even further strength to the cell wall
arranged into fibrils and microfibrils- even further strength
cellulose wall exerts inwards pressure on plant cell- prevents influx of water and makes plant cells turgid
